Publications by Claudio Bruschini

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A method for operating a light microscope comprises emitting and guiding a plurality of illumination light beams towards a specimen (6) to form a plurality of separated illumination light spots (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) at the specimen; and guiding detection light ...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging offers the unique ability to monitor the molecular status of the tissue microenvironment. However, the scattering nature of tissues remains a challenge for mesoscopic 3D high resolution imaging. We introduce the design of a me ...

We present the architecture and three applications of the largest resolution image sensor based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) published to date. The sensor, fabricated in a high-voltage CMOS process, has a resolution of 512 x 128 pixels and a p ...

Functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) are an essential tool in an aging society. Despite impressive advances in microelectronics, photodetectors and scintillation materials, PET is still awaiting a breakthrough in terms of reduced cost and increased performance. Large potential is seen in ultraprecise time-of-flight (TOF), aiming at coincidence time resolutions (CTRs) better than 30 ps. However, state-of-the-art TOF-PET systems are still far away from this goal, achieving typ

Many amputees have maps of referred sensation from their missing hand on their residual limb (phantom maps). This skin area can serve as a target for providing amputees with tactile sensory feedback. Providing tactile feedback on the phantom map can improv ...

Significance: Fluorescence guidance is used clinically by surgeons to visualize anatomical and/or physiological phenomena in the surgical field that are difficult or impossible to detect by the naked eye. Such phenomena include tissue perfusion or molecula ...

There are a number of Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) tasks in which it is necessary to discriminate and identify UneXploded Ordnance (UXO) already detected by other means. What we seek is the capacity to characterize in a non-destructive way the munition?s content, usually either explosive or inert (e.g., practice munition), if possible using a fairly mobile system and without direct contact. A number of existing technologies for the direct detection of explosives, applicable in EOD scenarios, are theref

The eyes of arthropods, such as those found in bees and dragonflies, are sophisticated 3D vision tools that are composed of an array of directional microlenses. Despite the attempts in achieving artificial panoramic vision by mimicking arthropod eyes with ...

Fast and precise spectrometers have numerous applications in quantum sciences, astronomy, and other fields. Thanks to the recent advances in the technology of single-photon detectors, their timing and spectral resolution approach fundamental limits dictated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) allowing new measurements, which were not possible before. In this work, we present a simple and fast spectrometer based on the LinoSPAD2 detector. With an array of 512 SPADs with a pixel size of 26 um2, we c

Time‐domain diffuse optical tomography (TD‐DOT) is a non‐invasive technique that utilizes near‐infrared light to visualize the optical properties in tissues, showing promising applications in tumor diagnosis and functional brain imaging. The integration of advanced SPAD arrays delivers superior data quality characterized by picosecond timing precision and increased detection channels, enabling high‐fidelity reconstruction of unmixed absorption and scattering properties. These gains, however, come with longe

Fast timing in ToF-PET improves the signal-to-noise ratio for better patient comfort through either a lower dose or a shorter scan time. Recent clinical PET scanners using lutetium-based crystals, like LYSO, reach a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of aro ...

Temporal photon correlation measurement, instrumental to probing the quantum properties of light, typically requires multiple single photon detectors. Progress in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology highlights their potential as high-perf ...

Scintillating fibre detectors combine sub-mm resolution particle tracking, precise measurements of the particle stopping power and sub-ns time resolution. Typically, fibres are read out with silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Hence, if fibres with a few hund ...

A room-temperature 3D-stacked flash LiDAR sensor is presented for the short-wave infrared (SWIR). The 96×96 InGaAs-InP SPAD array in the top tier is biased by a circuit at the bottom tier that implements a complementary cascoded gating at the pixel level to control noise and afterpulsing. The bottom-tier chip is fabricated in a 110-nm CMOS technology. The sensor is tested with a 1550nm laser operating at 100µW to 3.1mW average power. The SPADs are gated with 3ns pulses with 500ps skew. Intensity images and

A handheld probe for direct positron detection based on scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is presented in this paper. The battery-powered system is optimised for intra-operative use. It is fully sterilisable and wirelessly connected ...

We will detail several CMOS SPAD photodetectors for use in a range of high-energy and nuclear physics applications, implemented at EPFL’s AQUA Lab in collaboration with external partners. The requirements are often quite different, e.g. high timing precision and detection at low event rates in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET), possibly requiring 3D-stacked implementations, very high data rates, spatial granularity, and photon-starved operation in ring imaging Cherenkov counters at colli

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an optical technique that allows for non-invasive measurements of tissue perfusion, and is often used for neuromonitoring applications. However, a major challenge of DCS is low SNR for deep tissue measurements. Recent works have demonstrated the potential for SPAD arrays to provide significant SNR increases by averaging autocorrelation signals from individual speckles. To fully exploit the potential of SPAD array signals, in this work we present alternative methods

3Dstacked CMOS SPAD based image sensors hold the promise for better sensitivity and more functionality per pixel. The technology enables to separate detection from computation onto different chips, or tiers, that are stacked onto one another. One advantage ...

CMOS-based individual SPAD detectors and arrays have seen a host of applications being explored and industrialised in the past years, relying on their single-photon detection capability, combined with excellent photon-timing precision and noiseless read-out (in the digital flavour). SPADs are available in most standard CMOS technologies, with sensitivities spanning the entire spectrum, from NUV to NIR.Digital SiPMs are one of the array flavours, where the intrinsically digital nature of the SPAD response is

ToF-PET has significantly improved PET image quality over the past decades. Recently, BGO has re-emerged as an attractive scintillator due to its high density, low cost, and potential for fast timing via prompt Cherenkov emission. However, using the fast emission in BGO is challenging due to its low Cherenkov yield and mixture with scintillation light. The DIGILOG project addresses these challenges using finely segmented SiPMs (μ SiPMs) with a dedicated readout. We previously showed that this approach can r

Claudio Bruschini

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Method and light microscope with a plurality of arrays of photon-counting detector elements

Mesoscopic light-sheet imaging set-up for 3D SWIR fluorescence intensity and NIR fluorescence lifetime imaging

Architecture and applications of a high resolution gated SPAD image sensor

DIGILOG: A digital-analog SiPM towards 10 ps prompt-photon tagging in TOF-PET

Automatic Hand Phantom Map Detection Methods

Subsurface fluorescence time-of-flight imaging using a large-format single-photon avalanche diode sensor for tumor depth assessment

Commercial Systems for the Direct Detection of Explosives (for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Tasks)

Bio-inspired flat optics for directional 3D light detection and ranging

Frequency-resolved observation of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect

Accelerated SPAD ‐Based Diffuse Optical Tomography With Data‐Driven View Optimization

Investigating μSiPMs to overcome the limits of BGO in ToF-PET

Quantum correlation measurement with single photon avalanche diode arrays

Demonstration of particle tracking with scintillating fibres read out by a SPAD array sensor and application as a neutrino active target

Room-temperature, 96×96 pixel 3D-stacked InGaAs/InP SPAD sensor with complementary gating for flash LiDAR

A Handheld beta(+) Probe for Intra-Operative Detection of Radiotracers

Digital silicon photomultipliers for high-energy and nuclear physics applications

Toward efficient signal extraction for deep tissue blood flow using parallelized diffuse correlation spectroscopy

3D-Stacked CMOS SPAD Image Sensors: Technology and Applications

Digital SiPMs and SPAD arrays: available technologies and implementation challenges for large arrays

The Influence of Depth of Interaction and External Cross-Talk on the Timing of BGO-Based Detectors with μSiPMs for TOF-PET