Catégorie

Programmation informatique

vignette|Liste d'instructions sur le Commodore 64 La programmation, appelée aussi codage dans le domaine informatique, désigne l'ensemble des activités qui permettent l'écriture des programmes informatiques. C'est une étape importante du développement de logiciels (voire de matériel). L'écriture d'un programme se fait dans un langage de programmation. Un logiciel est un ensemble de programmes (qui peuvent être écrits dans des langages de programmation différents) destiné à la réalisation de certaines tâches par un (ou plusieurs) utilisateurs du logiciel. La programmation représente donc ici la rédaction du code source d'un logiciel. On utilise plutôt le terme développement pour dénoter l'ensemble des activités liées à la création d'un logiciel et des programmes qui le composent. Cela inclut la spécification du logiciel, sa conception, puis son implémentation proprement dite au sens de l'écriture des programmes dans un langage de programmation bien défini, ainsi que la vérification de sa correction, etc. Histoire de l'informatique La première machine programmable (c’est-à-dire machine dont les possibilités changent quand on modifie son programme) est probablement le métier à tisser de Jacquard, qui a été réalisé en 1801. La machine utilisait une suite de cartons perforés. Les trous indiquaient le motif que le métier suivait pour réaliser un tissage ; avec des cartes différentes le métier produisait des tissages différents. Cette innovation a été ensuite améliorée par Herman Hollerith d'IBM pour le développement de la fameuse carte perforée d'IBM. En 1936, la publication de l'article fondateur de la science informatique On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem par Alan Turing allait donner le coup d'envoi à la création de l'ordinateur programmable. Il y présente sa machine de Turing, le premier calculateur universel programmable, et invente les concepts et les termes de programmation et de programme. Les premiers programmes d'ordinateur étaient réalisés avec un fer à souder et un grand nombre de tubes à vide (plus tard, des transistors).

Ontologie

Source officielle

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Exercices associés (4)

Saut du saumon

The equation for uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion alone an x axis is $\ddot{x} = a ,$ where a is a constant. Show that its general solution is $x(t) = \frac{1}{2}at^2 + v_0t + x_0$ for any v₀ and x₀. Interpret these constants.
A salmon jumps out of a lake with initial velocity v₀ directed skywards. Gravity causes a constant acceleration u2005−u2005g on the fish. Represent graphically the fish’ vertical position as a function of time, as well as its speed as

Volant et châssis

A horizontal steering wheel can turn around a vertical axis δ going through its center of mass G. That axis is secured to a chassis that can turn around another vertical axis Δ. Both axes are are separated by a distance d and we write O the point on axis Δ that’s a distance d from point G. The steering wheel has mass m and moment of inertia

I_{\rm v,\delta}

with respect to its principal axis δ. The chassis, on its own, has mass M and moment of inertia

I_{\rm c,\Delta}

with respect to its principal axis

Excitation d un oscillateur harmonique vertical

A mass m is suspended on a spring of natural length l₀ and of elastic constant k. The spring is attached to a piston. The vertical motion of the piston is described by the equation s(t)u2004=u2004s₀cosu2006(ωt)xa0.

Give explicit expressions for the external forces and determine the equation of motion.
Show that the equation of motion can be recast as, $\ddot{x}\left(t\right) + c_1\,x\left(t\right) = c_1\,s\left(t\right)\ ,$ where x(t)u2004=u2004z(t)u2005+u2005c₂ with z(t) the vertica

Accident

A car accident occurs in a street of Lausanne where the maximum authorised velocity is 50u2006km/h. A car overthrows a pedestrian on a dry road. As the investigator arrives on the accident scene, he notices that :

two parallel traces of brake of Lu2004=u200460 m in length starting du2004=u200415 m before the axis of the pedestrian crossing of 4 m in length,
fragments of headlights at a distance du2004=u200415 m after the pedestrian crossing,
the headlights of the car are at a height h

Notebooks associés (15)

Safety Week 1: Content Moderation – Solutions

::: {style="border-left: 6px solid rgba(69, 157, 185, 1); border-radius:5px; box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px rgba(221, 221, 221, 1);"} How to use this notebook ::: {style="padding: 0 0 2px 10px;"} Simply read the text and follow the instructions.
This notebook contains code cells, which can be modified and must be executed to see the result of their content.
To execute a cell, select it and click on the play button (▶) in the tool bar, or type Shift + Enter or Ctr + Enter. As the variables conta

Fairness Week 2: COMPAS and Fairness in Machine Learning – Solutions

Fairness Week 2: Predicting recidivism¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-2:-Predicting-recidivism}

How to use this notebook Simply read the text and follow the instructions.
This notebook contains code cells, which can be modified and must be executed to see the result of their content.
To execute a cell, select it and click on the play button (▶) in the tool bar, or type Shift + Enter or Ctr + Enter. As the variables contained in a cell are stor

Sustainability Week 1: The Carbon Footprint of Algorithms – Solutions

{#Sustainability-Week-1:-the-Carbon-Footprint-of-Algorithms} How to use this notebook Simply read the text and follow the instructions.
This notebook contains code cells, which can be modified and must be executed to see the result of their content.
To execute a cell, select it and click on the play button (▶) in the tool bar, or type Shift + Enter or Ctr + Enter. As the variables contained in a cell are stored in memory, the order of execution of the cells is important! Notebook by M

Fairness Week 1: University Admissions – Solutions

Fairness Week 1: University admissions¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-1:-University-admissions}

Sustainability Week 2: Embodied Impacts and Hardware LCA – Solutions

Sustainability Week 2: Embodied impacts¶{.anchor-link} {#Sustainability-Week-2:-Embodied-impacts}

Afficher plus

Exercices associés (4)

Saut du saumon

The equation for uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion alone an x axis is $\ddot{x} = a ,$ where a is a constant. Show that its general solution is $x(t) = \frac{1}{2}at^2 + v_0t + x_0$ for any v₀ and x₀. Interpret these constants.
A salmon jumps out of a lake with initial velocity v₀ directed skywards. Gravity causes a constant acceleration u2005−u2005g on the fish. Represent graphically the fish’ vertical position as a function of time, as well as its speed as

Volant et châssis

I_{\rm v,\delta}

with respect to its principal axis δ. The chassis, on its own, has mass M and moment of inertia

I_{\rm c,\Delta}

with respect to its principal axis

Excitation d un oscillateur harmonique vertical

Give explicit expressions for the external forces and determine the equation of motion.
Show that the equation of motion can be recast as, $\ddot{x}\left(t\right) + c_1\,x\left(t\right) = c_1\,s\left(t\right)\ ,$ where x(t)u2004=u2004z(t)u2005+u2005c₂ with z(t) the vertica

Accident

two parallel traces of brake of Lu2004=u200460 m in length starting du2004=u200415 m before the axis of the pedestrian crossing of 4 m in length,
fragments of headlights at a distance du2004=u200415 m after the pedestrian crossing,
the headlights of the car are at a height h

Programmation informatique

Chattez avec Graph Search

Fairness Week 2: Predicting recidivism¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-2:-Predicting-recidivism}

Fairness Week 1: University admissions¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-1:-University-admissions}

Sustainability Week 2: Embodied impacts¶{.anchor-link} {#Sustainability-Week-2:-Embodied-impacts}

Fairness Week 2: Predicting recidivism¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-2:-Predicting-recidivism}

Fairness Week 1: University admissions¶{.anchor-link} {#Fairness-Week-1:-University-admissions}

Sustainability Week 2: Embodied impacts¶{.anchor-link} {#Sustainability-Week-2:-Embodied-impacts}

Automatic Data Structures Visualization in IntelliJ IDEA

Modular Substructural Constraints for Embedded DSLs

SCOUT-CT: Sound Constant-Time Outcome with Uncertainty Tracking using multi-taint analysis