Catégorie

Cartographie

La cartographie est la réalisation et l'étude des cartes géographiques et géologiques. Elle est très dépendante de la géodésie, science qui s'efforce de décrire, mesurer et rendre compte de la forme et des dimensions de la Terre. Le principe majeur de la cartographie est la représentation de données sur un support réduit représentant un espace généralement tenu pour réel. L'objectif de la carte, c'est une représentation concise et efficace, la simplification de phénomènes complexes (politiques, économiques, sociaux, etc.) à l'œuvre sur l'espace représenté afin de permettre une compréhension rapide et pertinente. La création de carte débute avec la définition du projet cartographique. La collecte d'informations est en deux parties : fond de carte : relevé des contours et de l'espace support à représenter ; relevé des données statistiques à représenter sur cet espace. Vient ensuite un travail de sélection des informations, de conception graphique (icônes, styles), puis d'assemblage (création de la carte), et de renseignement de la carte (légende, échelle, rose des vents). thumb|Carte de l'île de Corfou. Cette carte utilise des données satellites pour définir l'espace et la topographie, y sont ajoutées des données routières et humaines sélectionnées. La création cartographique est également étudiée, ses méthodes commentées. Des analyses mathématiques comparent par exemple les distorsions des projections cartographiques, tandis que les théories de l'information graphique donnent des conseils quant au style nécessaire à un message graphique clair. Étant le fruit de sélections humaines, la carte peut omettre, nier, tromper. L'étude comparative des cartes est ici intéressante, puisqu'elle révèle les biais. Les acteurs principaux de la cartographie étaient traditionnellement les explorateurs et les cartographes, afin de définir l'espace des États, et les espaces des territoires explorés. Aujourd'hui, la cartographie moderne est transdisciplinaire et s'applique à quantité de sciences : la géologie pour les géologues, la biologie pour les biologistes, l'urbanisme pour les architectes, la sociologie pour les sociologues.

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Posez n’importe quelle question sur les cours, conférences, exercices, recherches, actualités, etc. de l’EPFL ou essayez les exemples de questions ci-dessous.

AVERTISSEMENT : Le chatbot Graph n'est pas programmé pour fournir des réponses explicites ou catégoriques à vos questions. Il transforme plutôt vos questions en demandes API qui sont distribuées aux différents services informatiques officiellement administrés par l'EPFL. Son but est uniquement de collecter et de recommander des références pertinentes à des contenus que vous pouvez explorer pour vous aider à répondre à vos questions.

Exercices associés (32)

Centre de masse

xa0 Determine the position in the plane of the center of mass of this system consisting of the three square plates, as represented of the figure hereby. The square plates are homogeneous and their edges have a length a.The two light plates have the same mass m, the mass of the dark plate is the double. xa0 We are in the coordinate system (O,e_(x),e_(y)) of the sketch hereby. By symmetry, the centre of mass of each square plate is at its centre : so at the points $\left(\frac{a}{2}, \frac{a}{2}\right) , \

Rouleau de papier

A paper roll of radius R is suspended by two rigid rods of length L oriented along an angle α with respect to the wall. The roll has a mass M and a moment of inertia I_(G) with respect to the axis of the roll. A constant vertical force F pulls the paper downwards. A kinetic coefficient of dry friction μ_(c) is exerted between the paper and the wall. Determine the angular acceleration

\ddot{\psi}

as a function of the force F applied on the paper. System and frame: The system is the paper roll of mass M.

L échelle

A ladder with mass m and length L is resting on a vertical wall. The angle between the wall and the ladder is α and the friction coefficient between the ladder’s foot and the floor isxa0μ. There is no friction between the wall and the ladder. What’s the maximal value

\alpha_{\rm max}

angle α can take such that the ladder’s bottom doesn’t slip on the floor and fall? We consider the ladder as the system, seen from the referential of the floor and the wall. We choose a Cartesian reference frame with a horiz

Questions conceptuelles sur le produit vectoriel

Let O be the centre of a watch. We define an x-axis along the minute hand and a z-axis along the hour hand. In which direction does the y-axis point, knowing that it forms a direct orthonormal coordinate system Oxyz with the other two, when the time is 9xa0am? How about when it’s 3xa0pm?
Knowing that the sun rises East and sets West, is the vector for the Earth’s angular velocity oriented from the North Pole to the South Pole, or from the South Pole to the North Pole?
To

Forces de frottement

A sports car is driving around a circular track of radius R with a horizontal velocity of constant norm v. The track is on an incline with angle α from the the horizontal, such that the car is tilted inwards. The static friction coefficient between the tires and the track is μ.

Draw a diagram, considering the vertical plane perpendicular to the car’s velocity and represent all forces acting on the car.
What’s the condition on v for the car not to drift outwards ?

Numerical application: $g=10\

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Notebooks associés (9)

Density of States in Magnetic Fields Using Landau Levels

Start by setting some parameters including an (artificial) analytical expression of the Fermi surface along kz direction"

"### Define some expressions according to Landau quantization, such as the energy spacing and projection area in k-space"

Set up a histogram to count interceptions between the Fermi surface and "Landau tubes", compute density of states"

Band Structure Investigation of Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Using the Tight Binding Model

In [1]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d import itertools %matplotlib widget Band Structure of Mono and Bilayer Graphene[1]¶ If you have questions about this notebook, e-mail Oleg Malanyuk (oleg.malanyuk@epfl.ch) The purpose of this notebook is to investigate the band model of Mono and Bilayer graphene modeled with tight binding model. Tight binding model for monolayer graphene[2]¶ Monolayer graphene is a sheet of carbons aranged in a he

Advantages of Digital Transmission over Analog Transmission

[1]Paolo Prandoni, [2]EPFL Analog vs Digital Transmission In this notebook we will explore the advantages of digital transmission over analog transmission. We will model the case of transmission over a long (e.g. transoceanic) cable in which several repeaters are used to compensate for the attenuation incurred by the signal. In [1]: import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import IPython from scipy.io import wavfile plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (14,4)

Understanding and Plotting the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Plotting the DFT[1]¶

                                      [2]Paolo Prandoni, [3]LCAV, EPFL

In this notebook we will look at the practical issues associated to plotting the DFT and in particular the DFT of real-world signals. We will examine how to map the DFT coefficients to real-world frequencies and we will investigate the frequency resolution of the DFT and the effects of zero padding. In [1]:

first our usual bookkeeping

%matplotlib inline import matplotlib import matplotlib.p

Exploring Quantization and Oversampling through One-Bit Music

One-Bit Music[1]¶ In this notebook we will talk about quantization and oversampling and we will do so by taking a trip down memory lane to revisit the early from monophonic square waves, introduce polyphony by way of pulse-width modulation and finish with the basics of sigma-delta quantization. pacman In [1]: import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import scipy.signal as sp from scipy.io import wavfile import IPython In [2]: import sys ! wget -q -O mus

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Exercices associés (32)

Centre de masse

Rouleau de papier

\ddot{\psi}

as a function of the force F applied on the paper. System and frame: The system is the paper roll of mass M.

L échelle

\alpha_{\rm max}

Questions conceptuelles sur le produit vectoriel

Let O be the centre of a watch. We define an x-axis along the minute hand and a z-axis along the hour hand. In which direction does the y-axis point, knowing that it forms a direct orthonormal coordinate system Oxyz with the other two, when the time is 9xa0am? How about when it’s 3xa0pm?
Knowing that the sun rises East and sets West, is the vector for the Earth’s angular velocity oriented from the North Pole to the South Pole, or from the South Pole to the North Pole?
To

Forces de frottement

Draw a diagram, considering the vertical plane perpendicular to the car’s velocity and represent all forces acting on the car.
What’s the condition on v for the car not to drift outwards ?

Numerical application: $g=10\

Afficher plus

Cartographie

Chattez avec Graph Search

Start by setting some parameters including an (artificial) analytical expression of the Fermi surface along kz direction"

Set up a histogram to count interceptions between the Fermi surface and "Landau tubes", compute density of states"

first our usual bookkeeping

Start by setting some parameters including an (artificial) analytical expression of the Fermi surface along kz direction"

Set up a histogram to count interceptions between the Fermi surface and "Landau tubes", compute density of states"

first our usual bookkeeping

A Layer of Late Victorian London: The Building Footprints from the 1:1,056 Ordnance Survey Map (1891–1896)

A structural chart of copper–silver nanoalloys through machine learning

Dynamic Dual-Window Decoding for SC-LDPC Codes with Wave Enhancement