Role of a polymorphism in a Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine

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During gastrulation, Hox genes are activated in a timesequence that follows the order of the genes along their clusters. This property, which is observed in all animals that develop following a progressive rostral-to-caudal morphogenesis, is associated wit ...

Temporal activation of Hox genes in mouse pseudo-embryos in vitro initiates at the anterior part of the cluster and is accompanied by asymmetric loading of cohesin. Posterior CTCF sites then successively act as transient insulators, regulating the timed tr ...

In vertebrate embryos, the elongating body axis is patterned via the sequential and rhyth-mic production of segments from a posterior unsegmented tissue called the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). This process is controlled by a population of cellular oscillator ...

Articular cartilage presents a mechanically sensitive tissue. Chondrocytes, the sole cell type residing in the tissue, perceive and react to physical cues as signals that significantly modulate their behavior. Hyaline cartilage is a connective tissue with ...

Understanding how biological matter takes its shape is instrumental to biology, bioengineering, medicine, and bioinspired engineering. Gaining information on the principles of morphogenesis could enable clinicians to correct developmental abnormalities, ev ...

Here the authors show that a strong enhancer sequence can be controlled by the chromatin environment provided by a topologically associated domain (TAD) located nearby. An enhancer relocated by homologous recombination takes all the hallmarks of its new ne ...

H6 family homeobox 1 (HMX1) regulates multiple aspects of craniofacial development, and mutations in HMX1 are linked to an ocular defect termed oculoauricular syndrome of Schorderet-Munier-Franceschetti (OAS) (MIM #612109). Recently, additional altered oro ...

Despite a long history of research in motor control, the exact mechanism of how the brain communicates with the the invertebrate ventral nerve cord (VNC) and the vertebrate spinal cord on a single neuron basis remains largely elusive. Drosophila melanogast ...

Mesomelic dysplasia, a severe shortening and bending of the limb, has been linked to rearrangements in the HoxD cluster in humans and mice. Here the authors engineer a 1 Mb inversion including the HoxD gene cluster and use this model to provide a mechanist ...

In this study, Amandio et al. sought to understand the functions of the highly conserved CTCF sites distributed over the Hox gene clusters. The authors produced an allelic series of cumulative in cis mutations in these sites, up to the abrogation of CTCF b ...

Hox genes encode transcription factors (TFs) that establish morphological diversity in the developing embryo. The similar DNA-binding motifs of the various HOX TFs contrast with the wide-range of HOX-dependent genetic programs. The influence of the chromat ...

While alterations in spinal kinematics have been repeatedly observed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), their exact nature is still unknown. Specifically, there is a need for comprehensive assessments of multisegment spinal angles during daily- ...

The HoxD cluster is critical for vertebrate limb development. Enhancers located in both the telomeric and centromeric gene deserts flanking the cluster regulate the transcription of HoxD genes. In rare patients, duplications, balanced translocations or inv ...

The HoxD gene cluster is critical for proper limb formation in tetrapods. In the emerging limb buds, different subgroups of Hoxd genes respond first to a proximal regulatory signal, then to a distal signal that organizes digits. These two regulations are e ...

Previous attempts to recapitulate embryogenesis in a developmentally relevant context started with aggregates composed of a few thousand ESCs, termed embryoid bodies (EB), that upon induction of differentiation reveal a surprising level of autonomous cell ...

The body axis of vertebrates is subdivided into repetitive compartments called somites, which give rise primarily to the segmented architecture of the musculoskeletal system in the adult body. Somites form in a sequential and rhythmic manner in embryos and ...

The Segmentation clock is a population of cellular genetic oscillators, located in the posterior of the elongating vertebrate embryo, that governs the rhythmic and sequential segmentation of the body axis into somites. Somites are blocks of cells that give ...

Background: Global analyses of gene expression during development reveal specific transcription patterns associated with the emergence of various cell types, tissues, and organs. These heterogeneous patterns are instrumental to ensure the proper formation ...

The variability in transcription factor concentration among cells is an important developmental determinant, yet how variability is controlled remains poorly understood. Studies of variability have focused predominantly on monitoring mRNA production noise. ...

In all tetrapods examined thus far, the development and patterning of limbs require the activation of gene members of the HoxD cluster. In mammals, they are regulated by a complex bimodal process that controls first the proximal patterning and then the dis ...

Role of a polymorphism in a Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine

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A CTCF-dependent mechanism underlies the Hox timer relation to a segmented body plan

Sequential and directional insulation by conserved CTCF sites underlies the Hox timer in stembryos

How are cells instructed to form somite boundaries by the zebrafish segmentation clock?

Mimicking Loading-Induced Cartilage Self-Heating in Vitro Promotes Matrix Formation in Chondrocyte-Laden Constructs with Different Mechanical Properties

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Context-dependent enhancer function revealed by targeted inter-TAD relocation

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Mesomelic dysplasias associated with the HOXD locus are caused by regulatory reallocations

Sequential in cis mutagenesis in vivo reveals various functions for CTCF sites at the mouse HoxD cluster

HOX13-dependent chromatin accessibility underlies the transition towards the digit development program

Lumbar and thoracic kinematics during step-up: Comparison of three-dimensional angles between patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic individuals

Fryns type mesomelic dysplasia of the upper limbs caused by inverted duplications of the HOXD gene cluster

Chromatin topology and the timing of enhancer function at the HoxD locus

In vitro modeling of early mouse development

Patterning and mechanics of somite boundaries in zebrafish embryos

What are you synching about? Emerging complexity of Notch signaling in the segmentation clock

Heterogeneous combinatorial expression of Hoxd genes in single cells during limb development

Control of Hox transcription factor concentration and cell-to-cell variability by an auto-regulatory switch

Similarities and differences in the regulation of HoxD genes during chick and mouse limb development