Editorial: Fundamentals of 21st Century Neuroscience

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“You never forget how to ride a bike”, – but how is that possible? The brain is able to learn complex skills, stop the practice for years, learn other skills in between, and still retrieve the original knowledge when necessary. The mechanisms of this capab ...

Does gravity affect decision-making? This question comes into sharp focus as plans for interplanetary human space missions solidify. In the framework of Bayesian brain theories, gravity encapsulates a strong prior, anchoring agents to a reference frame via ...

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is an auditory neuroprosthesis that provides hearing by electrically stimulating the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brainstem. Our previous study (McInturff et al., 2022) showed that single-pulse stimulation of the dorsal ...

Background Braak's hypothesis states that sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) follows a specific progression of pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous system, and this progression can be monitored by detecting the accumulation of alpha-Synuclei ...

Humans and animals constantly adapt to their environment over the course of their life. This thesis seeks to integrate various timescales of adaptation, ranging from the adaptation of synaptic connections between spiking neurons (milliseconds), rapid behav ...

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful, non-invasive, quantitative imaging technique that allows for the measurement of brain metabolites that has demonstrated utility in diagnosing and characterizing a broad range of neurological diseases. Its impa ...

We are constantly bombarded by sensory information and constantly making decisions on how to act. In order to optimally adapt behavior, we must judge which sequences of sensory inputs and actions lead to successful outcomes in specific circumstances. Neuro ...

Objective. Artificial vision has been and still is the subject of intense research. The ultimate goal is to help blind people in their daily life. Approaches to artificial vision, including visual prostheses and optogenetics, have strongly focused on resto ...

The relationship between age-related changes in brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) with cognition is not well understood. Furthermore, it is not clear whether cognition is represented via a similar spatial pattern of FC and ...

Surgical treatment of tumors, epileptic foci or of vascular origin, requires a detailed individual pre-surgical workup and intra-operative surveillance of brain functions to minimize the risk of post-surgical neurological deficits and decline of quality of ...

The way our brain learns to disentangle complex signals into unambiguous concepts is fascinating but remains largely unknown. There is evidence, however, that hierarchical neural representations play a key role in the cortex. This thesis investigates biolo ...

Background: Age-related white matter lesions (WML) are common, impact neuronal connectivity, and affect motor function and cognition. In addition to pathological nigrostriatal losses, WML are also common co morbidities in Parkinson's disease (PD) that affe ...

Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) record and/or modulate neural activity of nerves, which are responsible for conducting sensory-motor information to and from the central nervous system, and for regulating the activity of inner organs. PNIs are used both ...

Objective: To study motor cortex plasticity after a period of training with a new prototype of bidirectional hand prosthesis in three left trans-radial amputees, correlating these changes with the modification of Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) in the same period. ...

Investigating context-dependent modulations of Functional Connectivity (FC) with functional magnetic resonance imaging is crucial to reveal the neurological underpinnings of cognitive processing. Most current analysis methods hypothesise sustained FC withi ...

Objective:The cochlear nucleus (CN) is the target of the auditory brainstem implant (ABI). Most ABI candidates have Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) and distorted brainstem anatomy from bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The CN is difficult to characterize as ...

Editorial: Fundamentals of 21st Century Neuroscience

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Context selectivity with dynamic availability enables lifelong continual learning

Microgravity induces overconfidence in perceptual decision-making

Sensitivity to Pulse Rate and Amplitude Modulation in an Animal Model of the Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI)

Overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein leads to dysregulated microbiome/metabolites with ageing in a rat model of Parkinson disease

From event-based surprise to lifelong learning. A journey in the timescales of adaptation

Harmonization of multi-scanner in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy: ENIGMA consortium task group considerations

Striatal Dopamine Signals and Reward Learning

The role of the visual field size in artificial vision

Mapping of Structure-Function Age-Related Connectivity Changes on Cognition Using Multimodal MRI

NPTX1-related oculomotor apraxia: an intra-hemispheric disconnection disorder

Sleep And Shouts: The Intrinsically Aversive Nature Of Rough Sounds Is Preserved During Nrem Sleep

The perspectives of mapping and monitoring of the sense of self in neurosurgical patients

Biologically plausible unsupervised learning in shallow and deep neural networks

Clinical correlates of white matter lesions in Parkinson's disease using automated multi-modal segmentation measures

Replicable effect of cortical-paired associative stimulation on response inhibition as a function of age

Compliant peripheral nerve interfaces

Cortical plasticity after hand prostheses use: Is the hypothesis of deafferented cortex "invasion" always true?

Time-resolved effective connectivity in task fMRI: Psychophysiological interactions of Co-Activation patterns

Human Cochlear Nucleus on 7 Tesla Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Insights Into Micro-anatomy and Function for Auditory Brainstem Implant Surgery

Graph theory analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor