De novo NAD(+) synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health

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Mitochondria are essential organelles participating in numerous cellular functions, including energy harvesting, regulation of homeostasis and apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial number, morphology, and function not only impact cellular metabolism but also ...

Redox homeostasis is a key factor in maintaining cellular function and health. The main determinant of the intracellular redox potential is ubiquitous glutathione (GSH) together with its oxidized dimer (GSSG). Importantly, both redox equilibrium and GSH ho ...

Cristae membrane state plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism. The protein Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) is an important crista remodeler that exists as two forms in the mitochondrion, a membrane-anchored long form (l-Op ...

Still displaying characteristics of their bacterial origin, such as autonomous division, motility, and their own genome, mitochondria remain an elusive component of modern eukaryotes. They produce most of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosp ...

Regulation of mitochondrial redox balance is emerging as a key event for cell signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the link between the mitochondrial redox state and the modulation of these conditions remains poorly defined ...

ObjectiveImproving mitochondrial function is a promising strategy for intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the preventive effects of sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) and 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate (ALA) on several metabolic dy ...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has abundant mitochondria with the unique capability of generating heat via uncoupled respiration. Here, Park et al. identify LETMD1 as a mitochondrial matrix protein enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and reveal a crucial ro ...

Alterations in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) levels have been observed in multiple lifestyle and age-related medical conditions. This has led to the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with NAD(+) precursors, or vitamin B3s, could ...

Transporters of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier superfamily bridge cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism by channeling metabolites across mitochondrial membranes and are pivotal for metabolic homeostasis. Despite their physiological relevance as gatekee ...

Pancreatic beta cells play a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels. A gradual deterioration of functional beta cell mass and the chronic elevation of blood glucose levels are c ...

The last decade has seen a strong proliferation of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and age-related diseases based on increasing cellular NAD(+) bioavailability. Among them, the dietary supplementation with NAD(+) precursors-classicall ...

Targeting mitophagy to activate the recycling of faulty mitochondria during aging is a strategy to mitigate muscle decline. We present results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in middle-aged adults where we administer a postbiotic compound Uroli ...

Redox homeostasis is essential for cell function and its disruption is associated with multiple pathologies. Redox balance is largely regulated by the relative concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. In eukaryotic cells, this ratio ...

AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy homeostasis and a promising drug target for metabolic disorders. It exists as complexes of three subunits, a catalytic alpha, and two regulatory beta and gamma subunits. The regulation of ...

Mitochondrial diseases are rare and severe conditions with debilitating symptoms. Biochemical defects in mitochondria however are common. The difference between these two frequencies is suspected to lie in the capability of the cells to adapt to the homeos ...

To adapt mitochondrial function to the ever-changing intra- and extracellular environment, multiple mitochondrial stress response (MSR) pathways, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), have evolved. However, how the mitochondrial st ...

Background: Overexpression of the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), and overproduction of its product, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are recognized as potential pathogenetic factors in Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of the study was to d ...

The mutational spectrum of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not resemble any of the known mutational signatures of the nuclear genome and variation in mtDNA mutational spectra between different organisms is still incomprehensible. Since mitochondria are ...

Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Hg are widespread and persistent micropollutants in aquatic environments. Both pollutants are known to trigger similar toxicity mechanisms, e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here, their effects were assessed in the zebr ...

Redox homeostasis is essential for cell function and its disruption is associated with multiple pathologies. Redox balance is largely regulated by the relative concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione. In eukaryotic cells, this ratio is different ...

De novo NAD(+) synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health

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Drug Screening in C. elegans to identify new pharmacological mitochondrial stress inducers

HaloTag-Based Tools for Live-Cell Imaging and Elucidation of Organellar Redox Biology

In situ architecture of Opa1-dependent mitochondrial cristae remodeling

Unraveling mitochondrial dynamics: exploring asymmetries and function through advanced microscopy

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) activates mitochondrial respiration and enhances mobility by regulating mitochondrial redox state

Sodium ferrous citrate and 5-aminolevulinic acid improve type 2 diabetes by maintaining muscle and mitochondrial health

Mitochondrial matrix protein LETMD1 maintains thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in male mice

Balancing NAD(+) deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations

Dissecting the role of the mitochondrial carrier SLC25A47

The role of nicotinamide riboside metabolism in pancreatic beta cells

NAD(+) Precursors: A Questionable Redundancy

Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults

Modulation of Subcellular Redox Homeostasis with Trialkylphosphines

AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK): New molecular insights and novel downstream targets

Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis

V-ATPase/TORC1-mediated ATFS-1 translation directs mitochondrial UPR activation in C. elegans

Role of the cystathionine beta-synthase / H2S pathway in the development of cellular metabolic dysfunction and pseudohypoxia in down syndrome

A mitochondria-specific mutational signature of aging: increased rate of A > G substitutions on the heavy strand

Metabolic, cellular and defense responses to single and co-exposure to carbamazepine and methylmercury in Dreissena polymorpha

Disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis by enzymatic activation of a trialkylphosphine probe