Christos Comninellis

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The electrochemical behaviour of ammonia (NH4+/NH3) in sodium perchlorate at pH 9 has been investigated on electrochemically grown anodic iridium oxide film (AIROF) electrode. In base electrolyte at pH 9, the Ir(IV)/Ir(III) surface redox couple exhibits un ...

The effect of electrochem. promotion of catalysis or nonfaradaic electrochem. modification of catalytic activity or electropromotion was studied for the model reaction of ethylene oxidn. on sputter-coated Rh films. The thin (40 nm) Rh films were deposited ...

The inertness and unique electrochem. properties of diamond present great potential for a variety of applications in aggressive environments. Preliminary results showed the widest known electrochem. window before water decompn., allowing new possibilities for both anodic and cathodic reactions. Studies of the oxidn. of org. compds. was performed with alcs. such as isopropanol, phenol and org. acids. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates no activity in the potential range where water is stable. In the potential re

he electrochemical oxidation of phenol for waste water treatment was studied at a platinum anode. Analysis of reaction intermediates and a carbon balance has shown that the reaction occurs by two parallel pathways; chemical oxidation with electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals and direct combustion of adsorbed phenol or/and its aromatic intermediates to CO2.

The reaction rate, the catalyst potential, the catalyst work function and the voltammetric charge were in situ measured during a galvanostatic transient of ethylene combustion on an IrO2 catalyst at 380 Deg. The catalytic activity of an IrO2 catalyst could be increased by electrochem. pretreatment. In situ catalyst work function measurements showed that after the electrochem. pretreatment the IrO2 catalyst has a higher work function. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that there is a linear relation bet

The electrochem. oxidn. of benzoic acid (BA) was studied on boron-doped diamond electrodes on acid medium by cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. In the potential region where the supporting electrolyte is stable, reactions occur, resulting in the loss of activity due to electrode fouling. Electrolysis at high anodic potentials in the region of electrolyte decompn. causes complex oxidn. reactions that lead to incineration of BA. There is no indication of electrode fouling. Salicylic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy

The Pt/YSZ interface was investigated at low oxygen partial pressure under high vacuum (HV) conditions at 400 A degrees C. Two different electrochemical techniques were coupled to mass spectrometric gas analysis using a new solid electrochemical mass spect ...

In order to investigate the origin of the effect of non faradaic electrochem. modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA), a Kelvin probe was used to measure in situ the changes induced in the work function of an IrO2 catalyst film deposited on yttria-stabilized zirconia upon electrochem. supply of O2- to the catalyst under reaction conditions. Ethylene oxidn. was chosen as a model reaction system. For this purpose an electrochem. reactor of novel design was used in which work function measurements could be

The degrdn. of herbicides 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in aq. medium of pH 3.0 was comparatively studied by anodic oxidn. and electro-Fenton using a B-doped diamond (BDD) anode. All solns. are totally mineralized by electro-Fenton, even at low current, being the process more efficient with 1 mM Fe2+ as catalyst. This is due to the prodn. of large amts. of oxidant hydroxyl

The performance of the electrolytic ozone generation using a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and Pb anode is described. This anode has been prepd. by application of Pb powder on a porous Ti substrate coated with IrO2 layer (Ti/IrO2/Pb anode). Electrochem. measurements and XRD analyses have shown that, after anodic polarization in deionized water a and b-PbO2 are formed at the electrode-membrane-water interfaces. The effect of electrolysis time, anolyte temp., applied c.d. and cell design on the efficiency o

The research and development of a durable, elec. rechargeable Zn/O2 battery in the PSI-BEW project at the Paul Scherrer Institute is described in a review with many refs. The first phase included the development of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3-activated bifunctional O2 diffusion electrodes and zinc paste electrodes. The second phase included the optimization of the zinc paste electrode to improve the available capacity and peak power of the battery system. Based on the mass of the cell components, a specific peak power o

IrO2 and boron-doped diamond electrodes were tested by preparative electrolysis of simple model compds. in acid medium. In oxidn. reactions of more complex mechanism than simple electron transfer, these electrodes are active only at potentials of simultaneous oxygen evolution. At IrO2 electrodes, the reaction is mediated by chemisorbed oxygen, probably forming IrO3-type active sites, and yield highly selective oxidn. products at low overpotentials and with moderate current efficiency. At diamond electrodes,

For the development of a rechargeable zinc/air battery, La0.6Ca0.4CoO3-catalyzed (perovskite) bifunctional oxygen electrodes and pasted zinc electrodes were prepd. and tested in monopolar zinc/air cells. In addn., a bipolar Zn/air stack was tested using reticulated copper foam as substrate for the zinc deposit. The cells were cycled in moderately alk. ZnO-satd. electrolytes with KF as an electrolyte additive. The max. power as well as the cycle life of the cells was investigated. The differences in porosity

The electrochem. oxidn. of Mn(II) in H2SO4 (30% wt.) has been studied using cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism was shown to be of the type ECE (Electrochem.-Chem.-Electrochem.). The deposition of MnO2 on the anode can be avoided by inhibiting the chem. reaction step, either by slowing it or by minimizing the mean residence time of Mn(III) ions near this electrode. [on SciFinder (R)]

The growth kinetics of the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Essex 6 was investigated under various conditions for potential use in a microbial fuel cell that recovers electrons generated from the redn. of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide was found to inhibit growth and decrease both the growth yields and the sulfate-specific redn. rate. Hydrogen sulfide inhibition was direct, reversible, and not due to limitation by iron deficiency. A high initial lactate concn. also retard

The electrochem. oxidn. of phenol for wastewater treatment was studied on doped SnO2 anodes. Anal. of reaction intermediates and a C balance showed that the main reaction is oxidn. of phenol to CO2. This unexpected behavior of the SnO2 anode is explained by a change of the chem. structure of the electrode surface during anodic polarization. [on SciFinder (R)]

The anodic oxidn. of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) on synthetic B-doped diamond thin film electrodes in acid media was studied, using cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. The results showed that in the potential region where the supporting electrolyte is stable, reactions occur, resulting in the loss of activity due to electrode fouling. Electrolysis at high anodic potentials in the region of electrolyte decompn. causes complex oxidn. reactions that lead to the complete incineration of CPA. There is

The invention describes a method for electrochem. producing the peroxodisulfuric acid and peroxodisulfates by electrochem. oxidn. of sulfuric acid. The process was carried using on an anode which, preferably, was not completely prepolarized and which was coated by a doped diamond layer. The conditions of the process (c.d., electrode shape, current load) and electrode doping and electrode substrates are described. [on SciFinder (R)]

The electro-oxidn. of 1,4-benzoquinone in water soln. was investigated. The benzoquinone concn., intermediate products, dissolved org. C (DOC), COD, and toxicity of the oxidized soln. was monitored during oxidn. with Ti/IrO2 and Ti/SnO2 anodes (in the following text: IrO2 and SnO2 anodes). It was found that the most important parameter is the nature of the anode. With the IrO2 anode, primary oxidn. was attained, i.e. benzene ring rupture occurred, resulting in an accumulation of carboxylic acids formation a

A model for the electrochem. promotion induced by electrochem. generated promoting species is proposed. The formation rate of promoters is assumed to be proportional to the availability of free surface sites at the solid electrolyte/catalyst/gas three-phase boundary, and their spreading out over the gas exposed catalyst surface to be rapid compared to the rate of their consumption. The model predicts exponential catalytic rate transients with current dependent polarization and current independent relaxation

Christos Comninellis

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Electrochemical behaviour of ammonia (NH4+/NH3) on electrochemically grown anodic iridium oxide film (AIROF) electrode

Electrochemical promotion of ethylene oxidation over Rh catalyst thin films sputtered on YSZ and TiO2/YSZ supports

Electrochemical behavior of synthetic diamond thin film electrodes

Anodic oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment

Electrochemical promotion of oxide catalyst for the gas phase combustion of ethylene

Electrochemical oxidation of benzoic acid at boron-doped diamond electrodes

Investigation of the Pt/YSZ interface at low oxygen partial pressure by solid electrochemical mass spectroscopy under high vacuum conditions

Work function and catalytic activity measurements of an IrO2 film deposited on YSZ subjected to in situ electrochemical promotion

Electrochemical destruction of chlorophenoxy herbicides by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using a boron-doped diamond electrode

Preparation and characterization of Ti/IrO2/Pb electrodes for ozone production in a SPE electrochemical cell

Alkaline rechargeable zinc/air battery

Oxidation of organics by intermediates of water discharge on IrO2 and synthetic diamond anodes

Development of rechargeable monopolar and bipolar zinc/air batteries

Oxidation of manganese sulfate to manganese dioxide in 30% sulfuric acid

Physiologic studies with the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: evaluation for use in a biofuel cell

Electrochemical oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment using tin dioxide anodes

Anodic oxidation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on synthetic boron-doped diamond electrodes

Electrochemical production of peroxodisulfuric acid using diamond coated electrodes

Electrochemical detoxification of a 1,4-benzoquinone solution in wastewater treatment

Electrochemical promotion of IrO2 catalyst for the gas-phase combustion of ethylene (modeling galvanostatic transients)