Lecture

Market Imperfections: Land and Real Estate Economics

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Description

This lecture explores market imperfections in the context of land and real estate economics, discussing how the market equilibrium may not always lead to the best outcome for society due to external costs and benefits. It delves into cases where social costs differ from private costs, leading to the need for taxes or subsidies to internalize externalities. The lecture also addresses scenarios where social values conflict with private values, requiring interventions to align market outcomes with societal goals. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of considering collective interests alongside individual pursuits in real estate markets.

In MOOC

Soil and Real Estate Economics II

An economics course that presupposes no formal economic knowledge other than that developed in the first modules of the first part of this course, Land and Property Economics I. In this second course (Economics of Land and Real Estate II), we will cover..: The developer's countdown and its influence on land prices The calculations of property developers in general Market supply and demand and how they determine and vary prices Differentiating land by urban location

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Related concepts (30)

Market clearing

In economics, market clearing is the process by which, in an economic market, the supply of whatever is traded is equated to the demand so that there is no excess supply or demand, ensuring that there is neither a surplus nor a shortage. The new classical economics assumes that in any given market, assuming that all buyers and sellers have access to information and that there is no "friction" impeding price changes, prices constantly adjust up or down to ensure market clearing.

Externality

In economics, an externality or external cost is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Externalities can be considered as unpriced goods involved in either consumer or producer market transactions. Air pollution from motor vehicles is one example. The cost of air pollution to society is not paid by either the producers or users of motorized transport to the rest of society. Water pollution from mills and factories is another example.

Economic equilibrium

In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the standard text perfect competition, equilibrium occurs at the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal. Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers.

Market structure

Market structure, in economics, depicts how firms are differentiated and categorised based on the types of goods they sell (homogeneous/heterogeneous) and how their operations are affected by external factors and elements. Market structure makes it easier to understand the characteristics of diverse markets. The main body of the market is composed of suppliers and demanders. Both parties are equal and indispensable. The market structure determines the price formation method of the market.

Subsidy

A subsidy or government incentive is a type of government expenditure targeted towards individuals and households, as well as businesses with the aim of stabilising the economy. It ensures that individuals and households are viable by having access to essential goods and services while giving businesses the opportunity to stay afloat and/or competitive. Subsidies not only promote long term economic stability but also help governments to respond to economic shocks during a recession or in response to unforeseen shocks such as COVID-19.

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