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Lecture

Organoid Mechanobiology

In course

ME-480: Mechanobiology: how mechanics regulate life

The objective of this course is to expose students to the fundamentals of mechanobiology. We will highlight the technologies that enable the study of living systems including mechanical manipulation and characterization, along with computational modeling f ...

Description

This lecture explores the concept of multicellularity, differentiation of stem cells into various cell types, the formation of organoids from different tissues, and the applications of organoids in studying diseases, drug testing, and personalized medicine. It delves into the development and characteristics of brain, skin, and heart organoids, as well as the potential of gastruloids in self-organization. The lecture also covers the engineering of intestinal organoids, the formation of crypts, and the role of traction force microscopy in studying crypt dynamics. Furthermore, it discusses the next-generation engineered organoids, methods to engineer tissues, and the concept of organ-on-a-chip for mimicking organ functions in microfluidic devices.

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Instructors (2)

Alexandre Louis André Persat

Mahmut Selman Sakar

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biological engineering

Biomedical engineering: Tissue engineering

Related concepts (32)

Organoid

An organoid is a miniaturized and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that mimics the key functional, structural and biological complexity of that organ. They are derived from one or a few cells from a tissue, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, which can self-organize in three-dimensional culture owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacities. The technique for growing organoids has rapidly improved since the early 2010s, and The Scientist names it as one of the biggest scientific advancements of 2013.

Adult stem cell

Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek σωματικóς, meaning of the body), they can be found in juvenile, adult animals, and humans, unlike embryonic stem cells. Scientific interest in adult stem cells is centered around two main characteristics.

Tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on tissue scaffolds in the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose but is not limited to applications involving cells and tissue scaffolds.

Stem-cell niche

Stem-cell niche refers to a microenvironment, within the specific anatomic location where stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate cell fate. The word 'niche' can be in reference to the in vivo or in vitro stem-cell microenvironment. During embryonic development, various niche factors act on embryonic stem cells to alter gene expression, and induce their proliferation or differentiation for the development of the fetus.

Stem-cell therapy

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. , the only established therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This usually takes the form of a bone-marrow transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.

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Organoids: Miniature Multicellular Tissue Constructs

Explores organoids, miniature tissue constructs mimicking living tissues, covering derivation methods, applications, and bridging in vitro and in vivo models.

Stem Cell Biology: Essentials and Applications

Covers the essentials of stem cell biology, including major types, properties, and applications, as well as challenges in research.

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