Lecture

Contrast in MRI

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In course

CH-401: Advanced nuclear magnetic resonance

Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and applications to medical imaging. Principles of modern multi-dimensional NMR in liquids and solids. Structure determination of proteins & materials. Measurement of molecular dynamics. Principles of Hyperpol ...

Description

This lecture covers the principles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including spectroscopy, Fourier transform NMR, and multi-dimensional imaging. It explains how gradient strength affects spatial resolution, the use of k-space in imaging experiments, and the role of contrast agents in enhancing image contrast. The instructor discusses techniques such as echo planar imaging and smart contrast agents, as well as the imaging of neural activity using BOLD contrast. The lecture also delves into diffusion tensor imaging and the use of paramagnetic ions for fast relaxation. Various concepts related to MRI, including slice selection, flow imaging, and functional MRI, are explored in detail.

Instructor

David Lyndon Emsley

Current Work Our research centres on the development of new NMR spectroscopy experiments to determine the atomic-level structure and dynamics of complex materials and molecular systems, to solve a range of problems across disciplines. Teaching & PhD PhD Students Ray Cowen, Ümmügülsüm Günes, Máté Visegrádi, Ruben Rodriguez Madrid Past EPFL PhD Students Dominik Józef Kubicki, Arthur César Pinon, Albert Hofstetter, Federico Maria Paruzzo, Baptiste Busi, Snaedis Björgvinsdóttir, Martins Balodis, Aditya Mishra

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Chemistry

Physical chemistry: Spectroscopy

Related concepts (32)

Fourier-transform spectroscopy

Fourier-transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain or space-domain measurements of the radiation, electromagnetic or not. It can be applied to a variety of types of spectroscopy including optical spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, FT-NIRS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), mass spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Matter waves and acoustic waves can also be considered forms of radiative energy, and recently gravitational waves have been associated with a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).

Infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or identify and verify known and unknown samples. The method or technique of infrared spectroscopy is conducted with an instrument called an infrared spectrometer (or spectrophotometer) which produces an infrared spectrum.

Fourier transform

In physics and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is a transform that converts a function into a form that describes the frequencies present in the original function. The output of the transform is a complex-valued function of frequency. The term Fourier transform refers to both this complex-valued function and the mathematical operation. When a distinction needs to be made the Fourier transform is sometimes called the frequency domain representation of the original function.

Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy (ˈrɑːmən) (named after Indian physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering.

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