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Lecture

Protein Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics

In course

CH-419: Protein mass spectrometry and proteomics

In systems biology, proteomics represents an essential pillar. The understanding of protein function and regulation provides key information to decipher the complexity of living systems. Proteomic technology now enables deep quantitative proteome mapping v ...

Description

This lecture covers the fundamentals of protein mass spectrometry and proteomics, including the introduction to protein analysis, mass spectrometry reminders, ionization sources, analyzers, and detectors used in proteomics. It also delves into proteomic strategies, workflows, separations techniques, quantitative proteomic workflows, proteomic bioinformatics, and applications to biology and clinical research. The content includes discussions on bottom-up proteomics, peptide mass fingerprinting, protein identification using MS/MS data, and the comparison between PMF and MS/MS ion search methods.

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Instructor

Loïc Dayon

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Chemistry

Analytical chemistry: Mass spectrometry

Related concepts (32)

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures. A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio.

Proteomics

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA. In addition, other kinds of proteins include antibodies that protect an organism from infection, and hormones that send important signals throughout the body. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system.

Tandem mass spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is a technique in instrumental analysis where two or more mass analyzers are coupled together using an additional reaction step to increase their abilities to analyse chemical samples. A common use of tandem MS is the analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides. The molecules of a given sample are ionized and the first spectrometer (designated MS1) separates these ions by their mass-to-charge ratio (often given as m/z or m/Q).

Protein sequencing

Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the protein or characterize its post-translational modifications. Typically, partial sequencing of a protein provides sufficient information (one or more sequence tags) to identify it with reference to databases of protein sequences derived from the conceptual translation of genes. The two major direct methods of protein sequencing are mass spectrometry and Edman degradation using a protein sequenator (sequencer).

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity.

Related lectures (31)

Mass Spectrometry: Ion Sources and Analyzers

On Mass Spectrometry explores ionization principles, mass sorting techniques, and various mass analyzers.

Mass Spectrometry: Analyzing Peptides with Tandem MS

Covers mass spectrometry and tandem MS/MS techniques for peptide analysis, focusing on ionization, fragmentation, and sequence identification.

Mass Spectrometry: Detectors and Techniques

Explores mass spectrometry detectors, MS/MS, and various techniques for ion detection and analysis.

Proteomics: Post-Translational Modifications and Interactions

Explores proteomics for post-translational modifications and protein interactions.

Proteomics Profiling Methods