Lecture

Cellular Energy Production: ETC-OXPHOS & ATP Synthesis

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In course

CH-313: Chemical biology

Chemical Biology is an interdisciplinary field using chemical principles and techniques to analyse and manipulate biological systems. It relies on small-molecule chemicals to gain an in-depth understanding of biology, and provides new tools and products ra ...

Description

This lecture delves into the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, exploring the tools used to monitor cell energy status. It covers the significance of ATP as the universal energy carrier in cells, the Nobel Prize-winning elucidation of ATP synthesis mechanisms, and the operation of ATP synthase in mitochondria. The lecture also discusses the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as methods to assess cell energy status, along with the workflow of extracellular flux assays. Various inhibitors and metabolic modulators used in these assays are explained, shedding light on the glycolytic and oxidative pathways. In-class exercises and problems challenge students to apply their knowledge of cellular respiration and energy production.

Instructors (2)

Rudolf Hovius

Expertise Â•Protein structure, expression & purificationÂ•Molecular interaction & receptor activationÂ•Fluorescence imaging & spectroscopySignalling & sensing Mission => Teaching: Lecture courses, tutorials and practicals in biochemistry, biophysical chemistry of membranes and signalling processes. Participating to the Commission d'Enseignement and Commission de l'Ecole Doctorale of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.=> Research interests: Protein function and structure, Membrane protein (especially recepto

Yimon Aye

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Cell biology: Cell metabolism

Related concepts (32)

Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.

Anaerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain. In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor. Anaerobes instead use less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (NO3-), fumarate (C4H2O42-), sulfate (SO42-), or elemental sulfur (S).

Phosphorylation

In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, which involve the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "high-energy" exchange medium in the cell.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP supported by the energy released from another high-energy bond that leads to phosphorylation of ADP or GDP to ATP or GTP (note that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is not considered as "substrate-level phosphorylation"). This process uses some of the released chemical energy, the Gibbs free energy, to transfer a phosphoryl (PO3) group to ADP or GDP. Occurs in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle.

Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon. ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).

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