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Lecture

Glucose Metabolism: ATP Production and Electron Transport Chain

In course

BIO-109: Introduction to life sciences (for IC)

Ce cours présente les principes fondamentaux à l'œuvre dans les organismes vivants. Autant que possible, l'accent est mis sur les contributions de l'Informatique aux progrès des Sciences de la Vie. ...

Description

This lecture covers the metabolism of fat and sugars into acetyl-CoA, the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into their components, the detailed study of glucose metabolism, and the ATP production from glucose through glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the electron transport chain and ATP synthase structure and mechanism.

Instructor

Romain Zufferey

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Cell biology: Cell metabolism

Related concepts (32)

Electron transport chain

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. The electrons that are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC involves four multi-subunit large enzymes complexes and two mobile electron carriers.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation (UK ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv, US ˈɑːk.sɪˌdeɪ.tɪv ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is so pervasive because it releases more energy than alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.

ATP synthase

ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP synthase is a molecular machine. The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: ADP + Pi + 2H+out ATP + H2O + 2H+in ATP synthase lies across a cellular membrane and forms an aperture that protons can cross from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, imparting energy for the synthesis of ATP.

Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA.

Carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways. Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis, allowing them to store energy absorbed from sunlight internally. When animals and fungi consume plants, they use cellular respiration to break down these stored carbohydrates to make energy available to cells.

Related lectures (42)

Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

Provides an in-depth exploration of the citric acid cycle, focusing on Acetyl-CoA production, oxidation, and regulation, as well as the process of fatty acid oxidation and transport.

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

Explains glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle, ATP production, and electron transport chain in mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration: Energy Production and ATP Synthesis

Explores cellular respiration, energy production from glucose, ATP synthesis, and metabolism of fuel sources.

Citric Acid Cycle: Energy Generation and Electron Transfer

Explores the Citric Acid Cycle, energy production, electron transfer, and metabolic pathways.

Metabolic Pathways: Energy Coupling Reactions