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Lecture

Organ-on-Chip: Biomedical Research and Cancer Modeling

In course

MICRO-631: Selected topics in advanced manufacturing

The course aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ongoing advanced manufacturing research topics and an opportunity for students to investigate current research trends. ...

Description

This lecture explores the field of Organ-on-Chip, focusing on creating micro-environments to study tissue and organ function, disease progression, and drug development. The instructor, Prof. Jaap den Toonder, explains the philosophy, opportunities, and technologies of Organ-on-Chip, showcasing examples from cancer research. The lecture delves into the importance of Organ-on-Chip in revolutionizing drug development, reducing costs, and improving testing accuracy. It covers the use of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, microfluidics, and microfabrication in creating advanced multi-cellular culture systems. Additionally, it discusses the modeling of cancer metastasis and the role of ECM stiffness in tumor progression.

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Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Cell biology: Cancer

Related concepts (32)

Cancer stem cell

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. CSCs are therefore tumorigenic (tumor-forming), perhaps in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. CSCs may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types.

Microfluidics

Microfluidics refers to a system that manipulates a small amount of fluids ((10−9 to 10−18 liters) using small channels with sizes ten to hundreds micrometres. It is a multidisciplinary field that involves molecular analysis, biodefence, molecular biology, and microelectronics. It has practical applications in the design of systems that process low volumes of fluids to achieve multiplexing, automation, and high-throughput screening.

Stem cell

In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult organisms, but they have slightly different properties in each. They are usually distinguished from progenitor cells, which cannot divide indefinitely, and precursor or blast cells, which are usually committed to differentiating into one cell type.

Droplet-based microfluidics

Droplet-based microfluidics manipulate discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low Reynolds number and laminar flow regimes. Interest in droplet-based microfluidics systems has been growing substantially in past decades. Microdroplets offer the feasibility of handling miniature volumes (μl to fl) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, sensing and are suitable for high throughput experiments.

Paper-based microfluidics

Paper-based microfluidics are microfluidic devices that consist of a series of hydrophilic cellulose or nitrocellulose fibers that transport fluid from an inlet through the porous medium to a desired outlet or region of the device, by means of capillary action. This technology builds on the conventional lateral flow test which is capable of detecting many infectious agents and chemical contaminants. The main advantage of this is that it is largely a passively controlled device unlike more complex microfluidic devices.

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