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β-barrel nanopores are involved in crucial biological processes, from ATP export in mitochondria to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, and represent a promising platform for emerging sequencing technologies. However, in contrast to ion channels, the understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport through these nanopores remains in its early stages. In this chapter, we describe the production and mutation of three major biological nanopores-aerolysin, MspA, and α-HL-as well

A living cell is a nonequilibrium thermodynamic system where, nevertheless, a notion of local equilibrium exists. This notion applies to all micro-and nanoscale aqueous volumes, each containing a large number of molecules. This allows one to define sets of local conditions, including thermodynamic ones; for instance, a defined temperature requires thermodynamic equilibrium by definition. Once such a condition is fulfilled, one can control local variables and their gradients to theoretically describe the the

Metal halide perovskite field‐effect transistors (PeFETs) have rapidly gained recognition as leading candidates for next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic technologies, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, facile solution processability, and notable mechanical flexibility. Nevertheless, the practical deployment of high‐performance PeFETs is significantly impeded by persistent challenges, including ion migration, hysteresis effects, and environmental instability, which collectively hi

• The Mn-electrochemistry in WiSE is free from the issue of “dead MnO₂” • Au rapidly oxidizes in WiSE to AuCl₄⁻, the dissolution rate is ca. twice that of Zn • The electrochemistry of AuCl 4 - closely parallels that of Mn 2+ in WiSE • The areal capacity of ∼1 mAh/cm 2 is achieved in tens of cycles • Oxidation of Mn 2+ yields reversibly cyclable γ-MnO 2 as the main product Redox mediators in water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSE) offer a compelling platform for durable, safe, and efficient Zn-ion battery. Here we

β-Barrel nanopores are involved in crucial biological processes, from ATP export in mitochondria to bacterial resistance, and represent a promising platform for emerging sequencing technologies. However, in contrast to ion channels, the understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport through these nanopores remains largely unexplored. Here we integrate experimental, numerical and theoretical approaches to elucidate ion transport mechanisms in β-barrel nanopores. We identify and character

In our previous study, when mapping the kinetics of all 40 genetic subtypes of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) family of ion channels, we observed significant heterogeneity in the inactivation delay of Kv3.4. Kv3.4 enables high-frequency firing in excitable cells and is linked to disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, chronic pain, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we found that N-glycosylation, a co- and post-translational process of adding glycans branches to proteins, is a key mechani

A living cell is a nonequilibrium thermodynamic system where, nevertheless, a notion of local equilibria exists. This notion applies to all micro- and nanoscale aqueous volumes, each containing a large number of molecules. This allows one to define sets of local conditions, including thermodynamic ones; for instance, a defined temperature requires thermodynamic equilibrium by definition. Once such a condition is fulfilled, one can control local variables and their gradients to theoretically describe the the

Mechanical forces are an essential part of everyday life. Fundamental physiological processes such as breathing, heartbeat, and hearing all rely on the proper application and transmission of mechanical forces. Interestingly, mechanical inputs also influence biological processes beyond the limits of human perception-such as tissue regeneration, cell migration, and differentiation. At the cellular level, mechanical cues from the environment must be converted into biochemical signals that the cell can interpre

Ion channels are responsible for numerous physiological functions ranging from transport to chemical and electrical signaling. Although static ion channel structure has been studied following a structural biology approach, spatiotemporal investigation of t ...

Neurons communicate through electrochemical signaling within a complex network. These signals are composed of changes in membrane potentials and are traditionally measured with the aid of (toxic) fluorescent labels or invasive electrical probes. Here, we d ...

Objective. The existence of an upper threshold in electrically stimulated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is of interest because of its relevance to the development of visual prosthetic devices, which are designed to restore partial sight to blind patients. ...

The NMDA spike is a long-lasting nonlinear phenomenon initiated locally in the dendritic branches of a variety of cortical neurons. It plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and in single-neuron computations. Combining dynamic system theory and computatio ...

This article gathers together different opinions on the current status and future directions of the study of the brain, taking as a working document the article “The anatomical problem posed by brain complexity and size: a potential solution” http://journa ...

Introduction: Electrical heterogeneity in the atria has been consistently linked with the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present model-based study investigated the contribution of action potential duration (APD) heterogeneities in the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) on the perpetuation of the reentrant activity during AF. Methods: A computer model with a geometry based on computed tomography of AF patients and a Courtemanche atrial cellular model was implemented. Self-te

Classical peer review has been subject to intense criticism for slowing down the publication process, bias against specific categories of paper and author, unreliability, inability to detect errors and fraud, unethical practices, and the lack of recognitio ...

We report the significant improvement obtained by a non-uniform gate capacitance made by appropriate combination of high-k and low-k regions over the tunneling and the channel regions of a heterostucture TFET (called HKLKFFET). In addition to significantly enhanced ION and subthreshold swing, we find that this structure offers great improvements for the dynamic switching energy (66% saving) and propagation delay (similar to 3 x fast operation) compared to a heterostructure TFET (HeTFET) due to the reduction

Ion channels are membrane proteins that selectively conduct ions across the cell membrane. The flux of ions through ion channels drives electrical and biochemical processes in cells and plays a critical role in shaping the electrical properties of neurons. During the past three decades, extensive research has been carried out to characterize the molecular, structural, and biophysical properties of ion channels. This research has begun to elucidate the role of ion channels in neuronal function and has subseq

In the vertebrate CNS, fast synaptic inhibition is mediated by GABA and glycine receptors. We recently reported that the time course of these synaptic currents is slower when intracellular chloride is high. Here we extend these findings to measure the effe ...

Stochastic channel gating is the major source of intrinsic neuronal noise whose functional consequences at the microcircuit- and network-levels have been only partly explored. A systematic study of this channel noise in large ensembles of biophysically det ...

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Tuning Rectification and Gating in Biological Nanopores Through Lumen Charge Mutation

All-optical Diamond Heater-thermometer Enables Versatile and Reliable Thermal Modulation of Ion Channels at the Single-cell Level

Toward Reliable Metal Halide Perovskite FETs: From Electronic Structure and Device Physics to Stability and Performance Engineering

Mn and Au redox mediators in ZnCl₂ water-in-salt electrolytes: Implications for Zn-ion battery chemistry

Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores

N-glycosylation modulates the inactivation kinetics of the Kv3.4 ion channel

ll-optical Diamond Heater-Thermometer enables versatile and reliable thermal modulation of ion channels at the single-cell level

Experimental Characterization of an Adhesion GPCR Mechanotransduction

Spatiotemporal Imaging of Water in Operating Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Reveals the Slow Motion of Interfacial Ions

Membrane water for probing neuronal membrane potentials and ionic fluxes at the single cell level

Upper stimulation threshold for retinal ganglion cell activation

Timed Synaptic Inhibition Shapes NMDA Spikes, Influencing Local Dendritic Processing and Global I/O Properties of Cortical Neurons

Comments and General Discussion on “The Anatomical Problem Posed by Brain Complexity and Size: A Potential Solution”

Study of the impact of electrical heterogeneities in the right and left atrium on atrial fibrillation perpetuation

Emerging trends in peer review - a survey

Tunnel FET with non-uniform gate capacitance for improved device and circuit level performance

Channelpedia: an integrative and interactive database for ion channels

Chloride Ions in the Pore of Glycine and GABA Channels Shape the Time Course and Voltage Dependence of Agonist Currents

Accurate and Fast Simulation of Channel Noise in Conductance-Based Model Neurons by Diffusion Approximation