Communism

Communism (from Latin communis) is a left-wing to far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need. A communist society would entail the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state (or nation state). Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more authoritarian vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a socialist state followed by the withering away of the state. As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum, communism is placed on the left-wing alongside socialism, and communist parties and movements have been described as radical left or far-left. Variants of communism have been developed throughout history, including anarchist communism, Marxist schools of thought, and religious communism, among others. Communism encompasses a variety of schools of thought, which broadly include Marxism, Leninism, and libertarian communism, as well as the political ideologies grouped around those. All of these different ideologies generally share the analysis that the current order of society stems from capitalism, its economic system, and mode of production, that in this system there are two major social classes, that the relationship between these two classes is exploitative, and that this situation can only ultimately be resolved through a social revolution. The two classes are the proletariat, who make up the majority of the population within society and must sell their labor power to survive, and the bourgeoisie, a small minority that derives profit from employing the working class through private ownership of the means of production.

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Related exercises (32)

Wheel pulled by a block

A homogeneous, full, vertical wheel, of mass m and radius R, rolls without slipping on a horizontal table. It is pulled at axis level by an inextensible thread going through a pulley. At the other end of the thread is suspended a block of mass m (see diagram). The thread and the pulley have negligible masses, the thread remains taut at all times and the system is initially at rest. After some time, the wheel has moved a distance d forwards.

What is, then, the velocity of its center of mass ?
Given

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Write the blocks’ total mechanical energy, considering that the thread has constant length.
What are the conserved quantities, that is, the primary integrals

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Inside a horizontal tube, a material point of mass m is attached to an elastic band of null rest length and with spring constant k. The elastic band’s end is attached to the middle of the tube. The tube can rotate around a vertical axis going through its center, at constant angular speed Ω⃗. Any friction is negligible.

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\vec{r}_G=\frac{1}{M}\int_{\rm volume}\vec{r}\rho(\vec{r})d^3\vec{r}.

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A cylindrical container with an ideal incompressible fluid in it rotates around its axis with an angular velocity ω₀. Determine the shape of the free surface of the liquid : (a): using a rotating referential; (b) using an inertial referential and the Euler equation. (a) For the rotating referential around the z axis, it is a problem of statics. The fluid is subject to its weight and to a inertial force, the centrifugal force

{\bf f}_{inertia} = \rho_0 \omega^2 r\, {\bf \hat{r}}

. The equilibrium condition

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Related exercises (32)

Wheel pulled by a block

What is, then, the velocity of its center of mass ?
Given

Hole-in-the-table

Write the blocks’ total mechanical energy, considering that the thread has constant length.
What are the conserved quantities, that is, the primary integrals

Mass in a rotating tube

Write the mass’ equations of motion in cylindrical coordinates as a function of Ω.
Under which conditions on Ω does the mass have an oscillating motion? What’s the frequency

Center of mass for cone and half-sphere

\vec{r}_G=\frac{1}{M}\int_{\rm volume}\vec{r}\rho(\vec{r})d^3\vec{r}.

In our case, the solids are homogeneous, therefore ρ(r⃗)u2004=u2004ρ. For both the cone and the half-sphere, the volume int

Rotating fluid

{\bf f}_{inertia} = \rho_0 \omega^2 r\, {\bf \hat{r}}

. The equilibrium condition

Communism

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