Publication

Genome-Wide Association Study of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Imaging Biomarkers and Neuropsychological Phenotypes in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Dataset

Concepts associés (32)

Free recall is a common task in the psychological study of memory. In this task, participants study a list of items on each trial, and then are prompted to recall the items in any order. Items are usually presented one at a time for a short duration, and can be any of a number of nameable materials, although traditionally, words from a larger set are chosen. The recall period typically lasts a few minutes, and can involve spoken or written recall.

Trait de caractère (biologie)

thumb|Des yeux gris. Un trait phénotypique (ou trait de caractère) désigne une variation d'un caractère phénotypique (par exemple, les yeux bleus pour la couleur des yeux, ou les cheveux blonds pour la couleur des cheveux) Un caractère phénotypique, pour un organisme vivant, est un de ses aspects anatomique, physiologique, moléculaire ou comportemental, qui peut-être analysé. L'ensemble des traits phénotypiques d'un organisme vivant constitue son phénotype, par opposition au génotype qui décrit les informations génétiques de cet organisme, héritées de ses parents.

Cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process or different areas of cognition. Cognition, also known as cognitive function, refers to the mental processes of how a person gains knowledge, uses existing knowledge, and understands things that are happening around them using their thoughts and senses. A cognitive impairment can be in different domains or aspects of a person's cognitive function including memory, attention span, planning, reasoning, decision-making, language (comprehension, writing, speech), executive functioning, and visuospatial functioning.

Linguistique cognitive

En linguistique et en sciences cognitives, la linguistique cognitive est un courant linguistique qui estime que la création, l'apprentissage et l'usage du langage trouvent leur meilleure explication par référence à la cognition humaine en général. D'un point de vue idéologique, ce courant de recherche s'inscrit en opposition avec la linguistique structuraliste. C'est le linguiste américain George Lakoff, ancien adepte de Chomsky, qui a favorisé le développement du courant de recherche de la « linguistique cognitive » au cours des années 1970-1980 aux États-Unis.

Implicit memory

In psychology, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts and behaviours. One of its most common forms is procedural memory, which allows people to perform certain tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences; for example, remembering how to tie one's shoes or ride a bicycle without consciously thinking about those activities.

Trait theory

In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively consistent over situations, and influence behaviour.

Reference genome

A reference genome (also known as a reference assembly) is a digital nucleic acid sequence database, assembled by scientists as a representative example of the set of genes in one idealized individual organism of a species. As they are assembled from the sequencing of DNA from a number of individual donors, reference genomes do not accurately represent the set of genes of any single individual organism. Instead a reference provides a haploid mosaic of different DNA sequences from each donor.

Canalisation (biologie)

La canalisation est, en biologie du développement, un modèle théorique et expérimental proposé par . Il s'agit de la mesure de la capacité d'un groupe d'individus à conserver le même phénotype malgré la variabilité de son environnement ou de son génotype. La première approche de ce concept fut apportée par Waddington (1942) disant que pour un caractère bien adapté – et donc proche de l’optimum – tout agent diminuant les effets néfastes des mutations devrait être sélectionné.

Génétique comportementale

La génétique comportementale est la branche de la génétique portant sur l'étude des interactions entre phénotypes comportementaux et génotype. Science récente et en plein essor, elle vise à étudier les relations entre la génétique et les caractéristiques mentales d'un individu. La génétique comportementale est fortement interdisciplinaire et fait notamment appel à la neuroscience, la génétique, l'épigénétique, l'éthologie, la psychologie, la psychiatrie et les statistiques.

Neuropsychological assessment

Neuropsychological assessment was traditionally carried out to assess the extent of impairment to a particular skill and to attempt to determine the area of the brain which may have been damaged following brain injury or neurological illness. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, location of space-occupying lesions can now be more accurately determined through this method, so the focus has now moved on to the assessment of cognition and behaviour, including examining the effects of any brain injury or neuropathological process that a person may have experienced.

Genetic privacy

Genetic privacy involves the concept of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to one's genetic information. This concept also encompasses privacy regarding the ability to identify specific individuals by their genetic sequence, and the potential to gain information on specific characteristics about that person via portions of their genetic information, such as their propensity for specific diseases or their immediate or distant ancestry.

Souvenir (mémoire)

Un souvenir est quelque chose dont on se remémore, un élément de la mémoire. Paul Valéry Pour René Descartes, la description des mécanismes psychologiques permet de définir certaines de nos facultés. Ainsi le souvenir des choses matérielles est-il la conservation de certaines traces de mouvements provoqués dans notre cerveau. De même, l'imagination ne s'explique que par des mouvements corporels joints à une certaine activité de l'âme.