Fragilisation par l'hydrogènevignette|Fissure d'un acier trempé provoquée par de l'hydrogène, observée au microscopie électronique à balayage. La fragilisation par l'hydrogène est un phénomène de fissuration de certains métaux au contact de l'hydrogène. Le rôle de l'hydrogène dissous dans un métal est connu depuis la fin du , mais encore incomplètement compris. Dès 1983, Airey et Van Rooyen démontrent qu'une présence d'hydrogène dissous dans le milieu environnant d'un métal peut aggraver le risque de corrosion, notamment de corrosion sous contrainte.
BrazingBrazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, with the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal. Brazing differs from welding in that it does not involve melting the work pieces. Brazing differs from soldering through the use of a higher temperature and much more closely fitted parts than when soldering. During the brazing process, the filler metal flows into the gap between close-fitting parts by capillary action.
Deviation (statistics)In mathematics and statistics, deviation is a measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean. The sign of the deviation reports the direction of that difference (the deviation is positive when the observed value exceeds the reference value). The magnitude of the value indicates the size of the difference. Errors and residuals A deviation that is a difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity of interest (where true value denotes the Expected Value, such as the population mean) is an error.
Mean signed deviationIn statistics, the mean signed difference (MSD), also known as mean signed deviation and mean signed error, is a sample statistic that summarises how well a set of estimates match the quantities that they are supposed to estimate. It is one of a number of statistics that can be used to assess an estimation procedure, and it would often be used in conjunction with a sample version of the mean square error.
ChaudronnerieLa chaudronnerie est une branche industrielle qui couvre l'ensemble des activités de mise en œuvre des métaux en feuilles, des tubes et des profilés entrant dans la réalisation d'équipements destinés aux secteurs des industries de l'alimentaire, de la chimie, de l'énergie (pétrole, gaz, nucléaire), de l'aéronautique et de l'espace, de la charpente (bâtiments, ouvrages d'art, ponts, structures métalliques terrestres et marines), de la manutention et du traitement des gaz et des liquides (canalisations terres
