Suprathermal electron transport studies in radio-frequency-heated tokamak plasmas

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Electromagnetic microinstabilities in tokamak plasmas are studied by means of a linear global eigenvalue numerical code. Ion dynamics is described by the gyrokinetic equation, so that finite ion Larmor radius effects are taken into account to all orders. Nonadiabatic electrons are included in the model, with passing particles described by the drift-kinetic equation and trapped particles through the bounce averaged drift-kinetic equation. A large aspect ratio plasma with circular shifted surfaces is consider

The dependence of the measured damping rate upon the neutral beam heating power (P-NBI) and plasma beta has been experimentally investigated for n = 1 toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) in JET limiter plasmas with a monotonic safety factor profile and low edge magnetic shear. The mode frequency is observed to decrease with increasing beta, as predicted by various theoretical models. For low P-NBI < 3 MW, a single n = 1 TAE splits into two modes closely spaced around the expected TAE frequency, and the mode d

An experimental study of the extraordinary mode (X mode) absorption at the third electron cyclotron harmonic frequency has been performed on the TCV tokamak in plasmas preheated by X mode at the second harmonic. Full single pass absorption of injected X3 power was measured with X2 preheating in co-current drive (CO-ECCD). The measured absorption exceeds that predicted by the linear ray tracing code TORAY-GA by more than a factor of 2 for the CO-ECCD case. Experimental evidence indicates that a large fractio

The active matrix display industry is briefly presented. The most challenging aspect for plasma source design lies in the substrate size which is now entering the 1-2 m range. This paper focuses on the conventional planar RF capacitor at 13.56 MHz. A detailed analysis of the local perturbation due to a hole in the metal susceptor illustrates the process effects of various plasma microscopic parameters. It appears that not only the process rate must be kept uniform, but also the ion bombardment. It is also s

Current profile tailoring by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) is used to improve central electron energy confinement in the TCV tokamak. Counter-ECCD on axis alone achieves this goal in a transient manner only. A stable scenario is obtained by a two-step sequence of err-axis ECH, which stabilizes magnetohydrodynamics modes, and on-axis counter-ECCD, which generates a flat or inverted current profile. This high-confinement regime, with central temperatures up to 9 keV (at a. normaliz

A high temperature superconducting current lead for application in fusion magnets was developed in collaboration of three laboratories. Bi-2223 Ag/Au tapes were selected to be used in the current lead and two industrial fabricated 10 kA modules were extensively tested. Both modules were used in the 20 kA current lead which was successfully tested in continous operation at 20 kA and over short time up to 40 kA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Experiments with high-power electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) in the TCV tokamak are discussed. Power up to 2.7 MW from six gyrotrons is delivered to the tokamak at the second-harmonic frequency (82.7 GHz) in X-mode. The power is transmitted to the plasma by six independent launchers, each equipped with steerable mirrors that allow a wide variety of injection angles in both the poloidal and toroidal directions. Fully non-inductive operation of the tokamak has been achieved in steady

In the TCV tokamak the sawtooth period and the sawtooth amplitude are observed to depend strongly on the shape of the poloidal plasma cross section. Systematic scans of plasma elongation and triangularity show small sawteeth with short periods at high elongation or low and negative triangularity, and large sawteeth with long periods at low elongation or high triangularity. Additional central electron cyclotron heating power further amplifies the shape dependence of the sawtooth properties. The sawtooth peri

In Se.C.R.E.T.S. (Segregated Copper Ratio Experiments on Transient Stability), the stability performance under transverse field transient is compared for two Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors which differ only because of the different distribution of the stabilizing copper, either included in the Nb3Sn strand cross section or segregated as bundled copper wires. If the segregated copper is found to be effective for stability purposes, the copper fraction in the Nb3Sn strands can be Substantially reduced, wit

During initial studies of ECRH in the TCV tokamak, non-standard central MHD activities, such as humpbacks and saturated and inverted sawteeth, have been observed while changing the heating location, the ECRH power, the plasma shape and the safety factor. For edge safety factors q(alpha) > 4.5, safety factors on-axis q(0) < 1 and small plasmas, complete sawtooth stabilization was achieved with the present 1 MW gyrotron power, and it is likely that sawtooth stabilization can be achieved for all conditions at.

Extensive simulations are performed to investigate effects of electron cyclotron instabilities on the gyrotron beam quality, using two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell (PIG) codes. Both electrostatic and electromagnetic models, as well as realistic geometries of the gyrotron, are considered. It is found that a large beam density can lead to an electrostatic-instability-induced energy spread which substantially degrades the gyrotron efficiency. (C) 1997 American institute of Physics.

The TCV tokamak has obtained ohmic H-modes in virtually all diverted plasmas with the ion del B drift directed towards an X-point and in several elongated limiter plasmas. Troyon factors (beta(tor)aB/l(p)) up to 2 and line average densities up to 2.2 x 10(20) m(-3), corresponding to the Greenwald limit, have been obtained in diverted ELM-free H-modes. Quasi-stationary H-modes lasting for the entire current flat top (1.5 s) have been obtained in the presence of regular ELMs. The occurrence and magnitude of E

Suprathermal electron transport studies in radio-frequency-heated tokamak plasmas

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Global-gyrokinetic study of finite beta effects on linear microinstabilities

Measurement of the damping rate of n=1 toroidal Alfven eigenmodes as a function of the neutral beam heating power and plasma beta on JET

Full absorption of third harmonic ECH in TCV tokamak plasmas in the presence of second harmonic ECCD

Glow discharge processing in the liquid crystal display industry

Long-pulse improved central electron confinement in the TCV tokamak with electron cyclotron heating and current drive

Development program of a 60 kA high temperature superconductor current lead for the ITER toroidal field coils

High-power ECH and fully non-inductive operation with ECCD in the TCV tokamak

Effect of triangular and elongated plasma shape on the sawtooth stability

Se.CRETTS : A stability experiment on the role of segregated copper in Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors

Behaviour of central plasma relaxation oscillations during localized electron cyclotron heating on the TCV tokamak

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of beam instabilities in gyrotrons

Ohmic H-modes in the TCV tokamak