Superglue: Fast Formulae for (2,2)-Gluing Isogenies

Following Mumford’s theory, theta structures on products of elliptic curves are induced by symmetries whose eigenvectors correspond to 4-torsion points on the Kummer line. These symmetries introduce a rich pattern of self-similarities within the theta structure that we exploit to enhance the computation of gluing isogenies. Focusing on the dimension-2 case, we show how theta structures can be computed projectively, thereby avoiding costly modular inversions. Moreover, by leveraging the sparsity of certain specific 4-torsion points and the action of the canonical 2-torsion points in the Kummer line, we derive new formulae for the evaluation of (2, 2)-gluing isogenies. These formulae require significantly fewer precomputations and arithmetic operations than previous methods. Additionally, our formulae also support the evaluation of points on the quadratic twist at negligible additional cost, without requiring operations in an extended field.