Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System

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Bacteria are ubiquitous single cellular organisms. Compared to eukaryotic cells, bacteria have two unique characteristics: the membrane-less nucleoid and the cell wall built of peptidoglycan (PG). In most bacteria, a single circular chromosome is compacted ...

Still displaying characteristics of their bacterial origin, such as autonomous division, motility, and their own genome, mitochondria remain an elusive component of modern eukaryotes. They produce most of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosp ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) extends to the outer (ONM) and the inner (INM) nuclear membrane forming the nuclear envelope (NE) that delimits the nucleoplasm containing the cell genome. Unfolded protein responses (UPRs) and reticulophagy responses increas ...

STARD4 regulates cholesterol homeostasis by transferring cholesterol between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The STARD4 structure features a helix-grip fold surrounding a large hydrophobic cavity holding the sterol. Its access is controlled ...

Volume electron microscopy is the method of choice for the in situ interrogation of cellular ultrastructure at the nanometer scale, and with the increase in large raw image datasets generated, improving computational strategies for image segmentation and s ...

Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are essential for multiple metabolic pathways, including fatty acid oxidation, degradation of amino acids, and biosynthesis of ether lipids. Consequently, peroxisome dysfunction leads to pediatric-onset neurodegen ...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a pivotal role in regulating protein structure, interaction, and function. Aberrant PTM patterns are associated with diseases. Moreover, individual PTMs have a complex interaction with each other, known as PTM c ...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of misfolded glycoproteins is mediated by the ER-localized eukaryotic glycoprotein secretion checkpoint, UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyl-transferase (UGGT). The enzyme recognizes a misfolded glycoprotein and flags it ...

Membrane fusion is essential for the basal functionality of eukaryotic cells. In physiological conditions, fusion events are regulated by a wide range of specialized proteins, operating with finely tuned local lipid composition and ionic environment. Fusog ...

The notion that mitochondria cannot be lost was shattered with the report of an oxymonad Monocercomonoides exilis, the first eukaryote arguably without any mitochondrion. Yet, questions remain about whether this extends beyond the single species and how th ...

Sphingolipids are a structurally diverse class of lipids predominantly found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. These lipids can laterally segregate with other rigid lipids and cholesterol into liquid-ordered domains that act as organizing centers ...

Tick-borne encephalitis virus is an enveloped, pathogenic, RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Viral particles are formed when the nucleocapsid, consisting of an RNA genome and multiple copies of the capsid protein, buds through the end ...

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as a powerful model organism for advancing our understanding of biological processes, not just by studying its similarities with other organisms including ourselves but also by investigating its differences to u ...

A key player in the formation of endoplasmic reticulum sheets is CLIMP-63, but mechanistic details remained elusive. Here authors combined cellular experiments and mathematical modelling to show that S-acylation of CLIMP-63 regulates its function by mediat ...

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are responsible for regulating many biological processes in human bodies. PPIs often have a large binding site and often interact through an alpha helical segment. Therefore, the inhibition of PPIs can be difficult using ...

Hydrated lipid bilayer membranes are crucial components of cells and organelles, serving as the outer boundary that separates the cellular components from the extracellular environment. Lipid membranes regulate their structures and functions by dynamically ...

The evolution of the 3D morphology is at the center of many relevant biological processes ranging from cellular differentiation to cancer invasion and metastasis. Microscopy techniques, such as electron microscopy (EM), super-resolution (SR) optical micros ...

Multicellular organisms require very well organized and finely balanced cell-cell communication, adhesion and coordination to ensure the organisms homeostasis. These functions rely on specialized receptors placed at the cells membrane whose binding to thei ...

Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human immune system. Here, we show that for the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, biofilm f ...

Host attachment is often a critical step in the onset of pathogenesis. To attach to host cells, bacteria have evolved a range of adhesins that bind to specific receptors. Some of these adhesins have been thoroughly characterized using biochemical technique ...

Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System

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Resolving bacterial cell biology: from replisome dynamics to cell wall synthesis

Unraveling mitochondrial dynamics: exploring asymmetries and function through advanced microscopy

Control of nuclear envelope dynamics during acute ER stress by LINC complexes disassembly and selective, asymmetric autophagy of the outer nuclear membrane

Membrane specificity of the human cholesterol transfer protein STARD4

Modular segmentation, spatial analysis and visualization of volume electron microscopy datasets

Fluorescent fatty acid conjugates for live cell imaging of peroxisomes

Investigating the intra-molecular and inter-molecular effects of post-translational modifications on intrinsically disordered protein regions and structured protein regions

Rescue of secretion of rare-disease-associated misfolded mutant glycoproteins in UGGT1 knock-out mammalian cells

Cholesterol-Containing Liposomes Decorated With Au Nanoparticles as Minimal Tunable Fusion Machinery

Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria

Structural diversity of photoswitchable sphingolipids for optodynamic control of lipid microdomains

Simultaneous membrane and RNA binding by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus capsid protein

Centromere structure and function: lessons from Drosophila

Dynamics of CLIMP-63 S-acylation control ER morphology

Synthesis and application of bifunctional hypervalent iodine reagents for peptide modification

Effects of thermal, mechanical, and electrostatic perturbations on lipid membrane hydration investigated by second harmonic imaging

Time-Resolved Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy and Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

Combination of dielectrophoretic and hydrodynamic traps for the controlled contact between cells or beads and application to adhesion assays

Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae

Engineering synthetic adhesins for biophysical investigation and rewiring of host-microbe interactions