Nicotine increases sleep spindle activity

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We derive confidence intervals (CIs) and confidence sequences (CSs) for the classical problem of estimating a bounded mean. Our approach generalizes and improves on the celebrated Chernoff method, yielding the best closed-form "empirical-Bernstein" CSs and ...

The epileptic brain is the result of a sequence of events transforming normal neuronal populations into hyperexcitable networks supporting recurrent seizure generation. These modifications are known to induce fundamental alterations of circuit function and ...

Due to conservation of neuronal functioning across phyla, molecular targets of insecticides are similar in insects and vertebrates. Insecticides thus pose a risk to aquatic vertebrates, such as fish, and potentially cause neurotoxic effects. Although these ...

Neuromodulation of neocortical microcircuits is one of the most fascinating and mysterious aspects of brain physiology. Despite over a century of research, the neuroscientific community has yet to uncover the fundamental biological organizing principles un ...

Enhancing lighting conditions in institutions for individuals with dementia improves their sleep, circadian rhythms and well-being. Here, we report first findings that exposure to brighter light during daytime may support the immune response to the annual ...

Humans show inter-individual differences in vulnerability to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to trauma. Several critical biobehavioral features have been consistently described in PTSD patients, including blunted cortisol l ...

Neural computational power is determined by neuroenergetics, but how and which energy substrates are allocated to various forms of memory engram is unclear. To solve this question, we asked whether neuronal fueling by glucose or lactate scales differently ...

There is sustained and widespread interest in understanding the limit, if there is any, to the human life span. Apart from its intrinsic and biological interest, changes in survival in old age have implications for the sustainability of social security sys ...

Universal inference enables the construction of confidence intervals and tests without regularity conditions by splitting the data into two parts and appealing to Markov's inequality. Previous investigations have shown that the cost of this generality is a ...

Important brainstem regions are involved in the regulation of rapid eye movement sleep. We hypothesized that brainstem stroke is associated with dysregulated rapid eye movement sleep and related muscle activity. We compared quantitative/qualitative polysom ...

Fast synaptic transmission relies upon the activation of ionotropic receptors by neurotransmitter release to evoke postsynaptic potentials. Glutamate and GABA play dominant roles in driving highly dynamic activity in synaptically connected neuronal circuit ...

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) of the Cys-loop receptor family are key players in fast signal transduction throughout the nervous system. They have been shown to be modulated by the lipid environment, however the underlying mechanism is not ...

Functional dissociations in the brain observed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep have been associated with reduced information integration and impaired consciousness that accompany increasing sleep depth. Here, we explored the dynamical properties ...

The use of daylight in buildings is important because it contributes to energy savings by reducing the use of electric lighting and space heating. It also impacts on biological functions and on well-being. Indeed, light not only allows vision, but has non- ...

Assemblies of neurons, called concepts cells, encode acquired concepts in human Medial Temporal Lobe. Those concept cells that are shared between two assemblies have been hypothesized to encode associations between concepts. Here we test this hypothesis in ...

In this work, we report the demonstration of the capability of electrochemical sensors to provide measurements directly on the sweat of volunteers to successfully discriminate heavy smokers by light ones. Since its importance as pharmaceutical treatment-ag ...

The k(off) values of ligands unbinding to proteins are key parameters for drug discovery. Their predictions based on molecular simulation may under- or overestimate experiment in a system- and/or technique-dependent way. Here we use an established method-i ...

Background: Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD(+) precursor that boosts cellular NAD(+) concentrations. Preclinical studies have shown profound metabolic health effects after NR supplementation. ...

The neocortex is densely innervated by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Long-range axons of cholinergic neurons regulate higher-order cognitive function and dysfunction in the neocortex by releasing acetylcholine (ACh). ACh release dynamically rec ...

The cholinergic system is known to strongly modulate perceptual and cognitive processes, and the alpha7 subunit of the cholinergic nicotinic receptor (CHRNA7) is broadly expressed within the visual system. Here, we assessed whether genetic variations of CH ...

Nicotine increases sleep spindle activity

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Anthony C Davison and Igor Rodionov's contribution to the Discussion of 'Estimating means of bounded random variables by betting' by Waudby-Smith and Ramdas

Disruption of layer-specific visual processing in a model of focal neocortical epilepsy

Mechanistic Understanding of Neurobehavioral Effects of Insecticides on the Larvae of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Neuromodulation of neocortical microcircuitry: a multi-scale framework to model the effects of cholinergic release

Preliminary evidence that daily light exposure enhances the antibody response to influenza vaccination in patients with dementia

Genetic selection for low glucocorticoid responsiveness recapitulates PTSD-related phenotypes: a behavioral, neuroimaging and sleep-physiology study

Lactate supply overtakes glucose when neural computational and cognitive loads scale up

Is There a Cap on Longevity? A Statistical Review

A note on universal inference

REM sleep and muscle atonia in brainstem stroke: A quantitative polysomnographic and lesion analysis study

Cell-type-specific nicotinic input disinhibits mouse barrel cortex during active sensing

Asymmetric opening of the homopentameric 5-HT3A serotonin receptor in lipid bilayers

NREM sleep stages specifically alter dynamical integration of large-scale brain networks

Integrating non-visual effects of light in the automated daylight-responsive control of blinds and electric lighting

When shared concept cells support associations: Theory of overlapping memory engrams

Electrochemical determination of nicotine in smokers' sweat

Accuracy of Molecular Simulation-Based Predictions of k(off) Values: A Metadynamics Study

Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans

Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex

Associations between genetic variations and global motion perception