Impairment of Glycolysis-Derived L-Serine Production in Astrocytes Contributes to Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease

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This study aims to determine whether 1) individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia display early cognitive impairment compared to treatment-responders and healthy controls and 2) N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor hypofunction is an underlying mechanism ...

Information is transmitted between brain regions through the release of neurotransmitters from long-range projecting axons. Understanding how the activity of such long-range connections contributes to behavior requires efficient methods for reversibly mani ...

Amino acid availability is monitored by animals to adapt to their nutritional environment. Beyond gustatory receptors and systemic amino acid sensors, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are believed to directly percept dietary amino acids and secrete regulatory ...

The phenomenon of allostery, a general property in proteins that has been heralded as "the second secret of life" remains elusive to our understanding and even more challenging to incorporate into protein design. One example of allosteric proteins with gre ...

Multiple System Atrophy is characterized pathologically by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) into glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). The mechanism underlying the formation of GCIs is not well understood. In this study, correlative light and elec ...

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy (HIE) in term newborns is a leading cause of mortality and chronic disability. Hypothermia (HT) is the only clinically available therapeutic intervention; however, its neuroprotective effects are limited. Lacto ...

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is an opportunistic virus that remains in a latent state in the kidneys and lymphoid organs of more than half of the human adult population. In rare cases of severe immune suppression, the virus is able to establish a lytic infectio ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies the brain’s ability to learn and adapt. While experiments in brain slices have revealed mechanisms and protocols for the induction of plasticity between pairs of neurons, how these synaptic changes are coordinated in biologica ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies our ability to learn and adapt to the constantly changing environment. The phenomenon of synapses changing their efficacy in an activity-dependent manner is often studied in small groups of neurons in vitro or indirectly throu ...

The myelinated white matter tracts of the central nervous system (CNS) are essential for fast transmission of electrical impulses and are often differentially affected in human neurodegenerative diseases across CNS region, age and sex. We hypothesize that ...

Cortical dynamics underlie many cognitive processes and emerge from complex multi-scale interactions, which are challenging to study in vivo. Large-scale, biophysically detailed models offer a tool which can complement laboratory approaches. We present a m ...

Dopamine synapses play a crucial role in volitional movement and reward-related behaviors, while dysfunction of dopamine synapses causes various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Despite this significance, the true biological nature of dopamine synap ...

Author summaryThe computational abilities of the brain arise from its organization principles at the cellular level. One of these principles is the neuronal type composition over different regions. Since computational functions of neurons are best describe ...

Developing spinal circuits generate patterned motor outputs while many neurons with high membrane resistances are still maturing. In the spinal cord of hatchling frog tadpoles of unknown sex, we found that the firing reliability in swimming of inhibitory i ...

Cells cope with and adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Sophisticated regulatory networks allow cells to adjust to these fluctuating environments. One such archetypal system is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pho regulon. When external inorganic ...

Information derived from experiences is incorporated into the brain as changes to ensembles of cells, termed engram cells, which allow memory storage and recall. The mechanism by which those changes hold specific information is unclear. Here, we test the h ...

Short-term synaptic plasticity and modulations of the presynaptic vesicle release rate are key components of many working memory models. At the same time, an increasing number of studies suggests a potential role of astrocytes in modulating higher cognitiv ...

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SOD1 gene mutations, both cell-autonomous and noncell-autonomous mechanisms lead to the selective degeneration of motoneurons (MN). Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy targeting mutat ...

Glutamate is a principal neurotransmitter used extensively by the nervous systems of all vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter that has been implicated in nervous system development, as well as a myriad of brai ...

Background: Overexpression of the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), and overproduction of its product, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are recognized as potential pathogenetic factors in Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of the study was to d ...

Impairment of Glycolysis-Derived L-Serine Production in Astrocytes Contributes to Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease

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Neurocognition and NMDAR co-agonists pathways in individuals with treatment resistant first-episode psychosis: a 3-year follow-up longitudinal study

A bistable inhibitory optoGPCR for multiplexed optogenetic control of neural circuits

Dietary L-Glu sensing by enteroendocrine cells adjusts food intake via modulating gut PYY/NPF secretion

From Sequence to Dynamics to Function: Computational Design of Allostery and Ligand Selectivity in G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Distinct ultrastructural phenotypes of glial and neuronal alpha-synuclein inclusions in multiple system atrophy

Early Neuroprotective Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin Associated with Hypothermia after Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats

Comprehensive proteomic analysis of JC polyomavirus-infected human astrocytes and their extracellular vesicles

Assemblies, synapse clustering and network topology interact with plasticity to explain structure-function relationships of the cortical connectome

Principles of Network Plasticity in Neocortical Microcircuits

Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function

Modeling and simulation of neocortical micro- and mesocircuitry. Part II: Physiology and experimentation

GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in the brain

Mapping of morpho-electric features to molecular identity of cortical inhibitory neurons

Mechanisms Underlying the Recruitment of Inhibitory Interneurons in Fictive Swimming in Developing Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

Perfect adaptation achieved by transport limitations governs the inorganic phosphate response in S. cerevisiae

Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function

Modulation of working memory duration by synaptic and astrocytic mechanisms

Astrocyte-targeting RNA interference against mutated superoxide dismutase 1 induces motoneuron plasticity and protects fast-fatigable motor units in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A conditional glutamatergic synaptic vesicle marker for Drosophila

Role of the cystathionine beta-synthase / H2S pathway in the development of cellular metabolic dysfunction and pseudohypoxia in down syndrome