A Dynamically Reconfigurable Single-Board Computer for High Dynamic Range Space Cameras

In response to a growing demand for autonomous in-orbit operations and the pressing need for these operations to take place in an ever-widening set of environmental conditions, significant advancements have been made in the miniaturization and improvement of space-qualified sensing instrumentation. Yet, the effectiveness of vision-driven autonomous operations relies heavily on cameras with superior low-light performance and dynamic range, for which an optimal solution is yet to be found. Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) sensors emerge as a potential solution, offering high light sensitivity and dynamic range even with diminutive pixel sizes. However, their high bandwidth and efficient integration with single-board computers requires bespoke interfaces and real-time processing power, typically enabled by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This paper presents a dynamically reconfigurable onboard computer designed for efficient data processing and seamless integration into the first space-qualified camera leveraging a 1-megapixel SPAD sensor. Future endeavors entail developing a demonstrator capable of acquiring exceptionally sharp and high dynamic range imagery under some of the most complex illumination conditions found in space. This paper outlines the technological advancements and a roadmap toward revolutionizing spacecraft imaging capabilities, paving the way for enhanced image acquisition and data processing in time-sensitive, autonomous space operations.