Printempsvignette|Floraison des cerisiers au printemps à Kyoto. vignette|Coucher de soleil quelques heures après l'équinoxe de printemps à Calcutta. Le printemps (de l'ancien français prins, premier, et temps) est l’une des quatre saisons de l’année, dans les zones tempérées. Il suit l'hiver et précède l'été. Il existe plusieurs définitions du printemps, notamment météorologique (demi-saison se trouvant entre les saisons froide et chaude) et calendaire (dont les dates varient selon les pays).
Anidolic lightingAnidolic lighting systems use anidolic optical components to light rooms. Light redirected by these systems does not converge to a focal point or form an image, hence the name (from an, without, and eidolon, image). Anidolic lighting uses non-imaging mirrors, lenses, and light guides to capture exterior sunlight and direct it deeply into rooms, while also scattering rays to avoid glare. The human eye's response to light is non-linear, so a more even distribution of the same amount of light makes a room appear brighter.
Energy subsidyEnergy subsidies are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers. Energy subsidies may be direct cash transfers to suppliers, customers, or related bodies, as well as indirect support mechanisms, such as tax exemptions and rebates, price controls, trade restrictions, and limits on market access. The International Renewable Energy Agency tracked some $634 billion in energy-sector subsidies in 2020, and found that around 70% were fossil fuel subsidies.
Building scienceBuilding science is the science and technology-driven collection of knowledge in order to provide better indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy-efficient built environments, and occupant comfort and satisfaction. Building physics, architectural science, and applied physics are terms used for the knowledge domain that overlaps with building science. In building science, the methods used in natural and hard sciences are widely applied, which may include controlled and quasi-experiments, randomized control, physical measurements, remote sensing, and simulations.
Landscape lightingLandscape lighting or garden lighting refers to the use of outdoor illumination of private gardens and public landscapes; for the enhancement and purposes of safety, nighttime aesthetics, accessibility, security, recreation and sports, and social and event uses. Light pollution exacerbated by excessive, misdirected or obtrusive use of light, but even carefully used light fundamentally alters natural conditions. As a major side-effect of urbanization, it is blamed for compromising health, disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments.
Lighting control systemA lighting control system incorporates communication between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central computing devices. Lighting control systems are widely used on both indoor and outdoor lighting of commercial, industrial, and residential spaces. Lighting control systems are sometimes referred to under the term smart lighting. Lighting control systems serve to provide the right amount of light where and when it is needed.
Gaz d'éclairageÀ l'origine, le gaz d'éclairage désigne le gaz de houille, nommé ainsi par son inventeur William Murdoch parce que destiné à l'éclairage (gas light). L'idée de s'éclairer au moyen d'un gaz est traditionnellement attribuée à Philippe Lebon en France, et à Jan Pieter Minckelers en Hollande. Par extension le terme gaz d'éclairage renvoie à la technique permettant d'éclairer à partir d'un gaz tel que le gaz de houille, le gaz naturel, le dihydrogène, le méthane, le propane, le butane et l'acétylène.
Equinox (celestial coordinates)In astronomy, an equinox is either of two places on the celestial sphere at which the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator. Although there are two such intersections, the equinox associated with the Sun's ascending node is used as the conventional origin of celestial coordinate systems and referred to simply as "the equinox". In contrast to the common usage of spring/vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the celestial coordinate system equinox is a direction in space rather than a moment in time.
Energy developmentEnergy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources. These activities include the production of renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuel derived sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted. Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.
Winter solsticeThe winter solstice, also called the hibernal solstice, occurs when either of Earth's poles reaches its maximum tilt away from the Sun. This happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the winter solstice is the day with the shortest period of daylight and longest night of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest daily maximum elevation in the sky. Either pole experiences continuous darkness or twilight around its winter solstice. The opposite event is the summer solstice.
Renewable energy commercializationRenewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy.
SolsticeLe solstice est un événement astronomique qui se produit lorsque la position apparente du Soleil vu de la Terre atteint son extrême méridional ou septentrional en fonction du plan de l'équateur céleste ou terrestre. Il s'oppose ainsi à l'équinoxe, qui se produit lorsque la position apparente du Soleil est située sur l'équateur céleste. Tandis que les équinoxes se caractérisent par une durée égale entre le jour et la nuit sur toute la planète, les solstices correspondent à une durée de jour et de nuit maximales, alternativement et de façon opposée entre les hémisphères nord et sud.
