Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria

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Once contact with a pathogen has occurred, it might be too late for the immune system to react. Here, we asked whether anticipatory neural responses might sense potential infections and signal to the immune system, priming it for a response. We show that p ...

It is well-established that symptomatic cancers evade immune destruction by coalescing tumor microenvironments to suppress adaptive immunity. Additionally, mouse models of cervical and other cancers have revealed a capability of tumors to systemically indu ...

While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of immunology. Innate immunity provides the first barrier to infection in vertebrates, ...

Infectious agents contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases through both acute infection and their chronic sequelae. We leveraged the UK Biobank to identify genetic loci that influence humoral immune response to multiple infections. From 45 ...

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a highly effective pathogen infecting nearly a third of the world's population. An M. tuberculosis infection starts when droplets containing bacteria enter an individual's lungs. The first host cells to contact the bacteria ar ...

Traditional cell cultures have long been fundamental to biological research, offering an alternative to animal models burdened by ethical constraints and procedural intricacies, often lacking relevance to human physiology and disease. Moreover, their inabi ...

The advent of immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive transfer of cytotoxic lymphocytes, has transformed the clinical care of cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients are resistant to immunotherapy or experience re ...

Heterochromatin loss and genetic instability enhance cancer progression by favoring clonal diversity, yet uncontrolled replicative stress leads to mitotic catastrophe and inflammatory responses that promote immune rejection. KRAB domain-containing zinc fin ...

The elderly population is highly susceptible to developing respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis, a devastating disease caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) that kills one person every 18 seconds. Once M.tb reaches the ...

Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, i ...

Aerosol transmission remains a major challenge for control of respiratory viruses, particularly those causing recurrent epidemics, like influenza A virus (IAV). These viruses are rarely expelled alone, but instead are embedded in a consortium of microorgan ...

Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty a ...

Ribosomes translate the genetic code into proteins. Recent technical advances have facilitated in situ structural analyses of ribosome functional states inside eukaryotic cells and the minimal bacterium Mycoplasma. However, such analyses of Gram-negative b ...

Microorganisms are a key component in the chain of life. They are essential for agriculture, produce a large proportion of oxygen, and play a central role in the cycle of elements. Microorganisms are widely used in the production of food and alcoholic beve ...

Gut -draining mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes (mLNs and celLNs) critically contribute to peripheral tolerance toward food and microbial antigens by supporting the de novo induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These tolerogenic properties of mLNs and c ...

Background Excessive inflammation, hemolysis, and accumulation of labile heme play an essential role in the pathophysiology of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in sepsis. Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute phase protein with heme binding capacity, i ...

The efficacy of anti-cancer therapies depends on the genomic composition of the tumor, its microenvironment, spatial organization, and intra-tumor heterogeneity. B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors emerging from B-cells at different stages ...

Inflammation stands as a dynamic and intricate biological process, promoting vital defence mechanisms against harmful stimuli, including infections and injuries, to drive pathogen clearance and healing. On one hand, these responses can manifest acutely and ...

Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the "fruit fly", is a genetically tractable model organism widely used to study biological processes, notably the innate immune system. The advent of novel genome editing technologies, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 syst ...

Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human immune system. Here, we show that for the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, biofilm f ...

Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria

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Neural anticipation of virtual infection triggers an immune response

HPV16-Expressing Tumors Release Multiple IL-1 Ligands to Orchestrate Systemic Immunosuppression Whose Disruption Enables Efficacy of a Therapeutic Vaccine

The conceptual foundations of innate immunity: Taking stock 30 years later

A common NFKB1 variant detected through antibody analysis in UK Biobank predicts risk of infection and allergy

Single-cell analysis of the interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and macrophages

Accessible and highly observable gastrointestinal organoid model systems for studying host-pathogen interactions

Exploration and modulation of mechanical cues for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

A Cluster of Evolutionarily Recent KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins Protects Cancer Cells from Replicative Stress–Induced Inflammation

Human alveolar lining fl uid from the elderly promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular growth and translocation into the cytosol of alveolar epithelial cells

Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics

Stability of influenza A virus in droplets and aerosols is heightened by the presence of commensal respiratory bacteria

Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation

Bactericidal effect of tetracycline in E. coli strain ED1a may be associated with ribosome dysfunction

Reconstruction and analysis of genome-scale metabolic networks in single organisms and microbial communities

Early-life vitamin A treatment rescues neonatal infection-induced durably impaired tolerogenic properties of celiac lymph nodes

Alpha1-antitrypsin improves survival in murine abdominal sepsis model by decreasing inflammation and sequestration of free heme

Development of patient-derived lymphomoids with preserved tumor architecture for lymphoma therapy screening

Exploring the role of cGAS-STING-mediated inflammation in age-associated neurodegeneration and antitumor immunity

Functional characterization of Drosophila melanogaster immune effectors

Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae