Compressor mapA compressor map is a chart which shows the performance of a turbomachinery compressor. This type of compressor is used in gas turbine engines, for supercharging reciprocating engines and for industrial processes, where it is known as a dynamic compressor. A map is created from compressor rig test results or predicted by a special computer program. Alternatively the map of a similar compressor can be suitably scaled.
Variable renewable energyVariable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or biomass, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power. The use of small amounts of intermittent power has little effect on grid operations. Using larger amounts of intermittent power may require upgrades or even a redesign of the grid infrastructure.
Economic efficiencyIn microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost. These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient.
Renewable energy commercializationRenewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy.
Cycle de Braytonvignette|upright=0.8|Diagramme Température-Entropie du cycle théorique et réel de Brayton. Le cycle de Brayton, ou cycle de Joule, est un cycle thermodynamique à caloporteur gazeux. Il a été inventé par l'ingénieur anglais en 1791 et développé par l'ingénieur américain George Brayton à partir de 1872. Le cycle de Joule inverse lui est similaire, mais utilise une source de chaleur externe et incorpore un régénérateur. Le cycle de Brayton théorique est le cycle idéal correspondant à celui de la turbine à gaz élémentaire.
Chaudière de récupérationUne chaudière de récupération est un échangeur de chaleur qui permet de récupérer l’énergie thermique d’un écoulement de gaz chaud. Elle produit de la vapeur qui peut être utilisée dans un procédé industriel ou pour alimenter une turbine à vapeur. Une application usuelle pour une chaudière de récupération est dans la centrale électrique à cycle combiné, où les gaz d’échappement de la turbine à gaz alimentent la chaudière de récupération pour générer de la vapeur qui alimentera la turbine à vapeur.
Énergie aérothermiqueAn air source heat pump (ASHP) is a type of heat pump that can absorb heat from outside a structure and release it inside using the same vapor-compression refrigeration process and much the same equipment as air conditioners but used in the opposite direction. Unlike an air conditioning unit, most ASHPs are reversible and are able to either warm or cool buildings and in some cases also provide domestic hot water. In a typical setting, an ASHP can gain 4 kWh thermal energy from 1 kWh electric energy.
Efficiencethumb|John Houbolt expliquant le scénario du rendez-vous en orbite lunaire. L'efficience est la consommation des ressources utilisées (intrants, matière ou énergie) dans la production d'un résultat (extrant). C'est un composant important de la mesure de la performance. On parle parfois d'efficience matérielle. Elle se mesure à partir de rapports entre les résultats obtenus et les ressources utilisées.
100% renewable energy100% renewable energy means getting all energy from renewable resources. The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating, cooling and transport is motivated by climate change, pollution and other environmental issues, as well as economic and energy security concerns. Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system, since most of today's energy is derived from non-renewable fossil fuels.
Turbine d'expansionvignette|Aube d'un turbodétendeur attaquée par la corrosion et déformée par les hautes températures. droite|vignette|Schéma de principe d'une turbine d'expansion entraînant un compresseur. Une turbine d'expansion, également appelée turbodétendeur ou turbine de détente, est une turbine centrifuge ou à écoulement axial, à travers laquelle un gaz à haute pression est détendu pour produire un travail qui est souvent utilisé pour entraîner un compresseur ou un générateur ; les turbodétendeurs sont aussi l'étage essentiel du procédé Claude de liquéfaction de gaz tels que l'oxygène, l'azote, l'hélium, l'argon et le krypton.
Waste-to-energyWaste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes generate electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels. The first incinerator or "Destructor" was built in Nottingham, UK, in 1874 by Manlove, Alliott & Co.
Carnot heat engineA Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically explored by Rudolf Clausius in 1857, work that led to the fundamental thermodynamic concept of entropy. The Carnot engine is the most efficient heat engine which is theoretically possible.
