Uncovering interactions between Descending Neurons as a functional principle of behavioural control

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BackgroundImpaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics is involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system and the optic nerve (ON), including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as frontotemporal dementia ...

The spinal cord is an elongated nervous structure that together with the brain forms the central nervous system. It relays sensory and motor information between the brain and the body, thus controlling most somatic and autonomic body functions. In recent y ...

Neurons are thought to act as parts of assemblies with strong internal excitatory connectivity. Conversely, inhibition is often reduced to blanket inhibition with no targeting specificity. We analyzed the structure of excitation and inhibition in the MICrO ...

Multi-polar stimulation protocols have been used in the past to increase the selectivity of electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Nonetheless, the number of possible multipolar stimulation protocols is prohibitively large and cannot be explored dur ...

Animal locomotion is the result of complex and multi-layered interactions between the nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. Decoding the underlying mechanisms requires an integrative approach. Comparative experimental biology has ...

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma is defined clinically as the presence of optic nerve head (ONH) degeneration and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Intra-ocular pressure (IOP) has been con ...

Motor learning allows animals, including human beings, to acquire skills that are es-sential for efficient interactions with the environment. This ability to learn new motor skills is of great practical relevance for daily-life activities (such as when lea ...

Objective: We predicted that accelerometry would be a viable alternative to electromyography (EMG) for assessing fundamental Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) measurements (e.g. Resting Motor Threshold (RMT), recruitment curves, latencies). New Metho ...

The pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) can invade the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cause meningitis with devastating consequences. Whether and how sensory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) become activated during bacteri ...

Tactile perception of softness serves a critical role in the survival, well-being, and social interaction among various species, including humans. This perception informs activities from food selection in animals to medical palpation for disease detection ...

Exoskeletons intended for partial assistance of walking should be able to follow the gait pattern of their users, via online adaptive control strategies rather than imposing predefined kinetic or kinematic profiles. NeuroMuscular Controllers (NMCs) are ada ...

Computational models have been widely employed to study the electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Still, most applications either study fundamental mechanisms underlying stimulation, or address qualitative scientific questions. When quantitative qu ...

Obesity represents a significant public health concern and is linked to various comorbidities and cognitive impairments. Previous research indicates that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with structural changes in white matter (WM). However, a ...

Proprioception tells the brain the state of the body based on distributed sensory neurons. Yet, the principles that govern proprioceptive processing are poorly understood. Here, we employ a task -driven modeling approach to investigate the neural code of p ...

The premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortical areas broadcast voluntary motor commands through multiple neuronal pathways, including the corticorubral projection that reaches the red nucleus (RN). However, the respective contribution of M1 and PM to co ...

In computational neuroscience, multicompartment models are among the most biophysically realistic representations of single neurons. Constructing such models usually involves the use of the patch-clamp technique to record somatic voltage signals under diff ...

Background Braak's hypothesis states that sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) follows a specific progression of pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous system, and this progression can be monitored by detecting the accumulation of alpha-Synuclei ...

A spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a cascade of molecular and cellular responses involving inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine release, apoptosis, demyelination, excitotoxicity, ischemia, and the formation of a fibrotic scar surrounded by an astro ...

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an FDA-approved technique for the neuromodulation of the autonomic nervous system. There are many therapeutic applications where VNS could be used as a therapy, such as cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, depression, and inf ...

Planning and execution of voluntary movement depend on the contribution of distinct classes of neurons in primary motor and premotor areas. However, timing and pattern of activation of GABAergic cells during specific motor behaviors remain only partly unde ...

Uncovering interactions between Descending Neurons as a functional principle of behavioural control

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Large-scale in-silico analysis of CSF dynamics within the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve

Digital reconstruction of the mammalian spinal cord: from anatomical reference volume to cell type atlas of the mouse spinal cord

Specific inhibition and disinhibition in the higher-order structure of a cortical connectome

Reconstruction of nerve functional topography using recruitment curves enables selective electrical stimulation

Integration of feedforward and feedback control in the neuromechanics of vertebrate locomotion: a review of experimental, simulation and robotic studies

Neuroprotection in the Retina: From Preventing Inflammatory Cell Death to Promoting Vascular Stability in the Central Nervous System

Mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning of motor skills

Accelerometry as a tool for measuring the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation

CSF-contacting neurons respond to Streptococcus pneumoniae and promote host survival during central nervous system infection

SORI: A softness-rendering interface to unravel the nature of softness perception

Novel Design and Implementation of a Neuromuscular Controller on a Hip Exoskeleton for Partial Gait Assistance

Machine-learning predictor of nerve fiber firing rate allows the automatic optimization of electrical stimulation protocols

White adipose tissue distribution and amount are associated with increased white matter connectivity

Task-driven neural network models predict neural dynamics of proprioception

Loss of Motor Cortical Inputs to the Red Nucleus after CNS Disorders in Nonhuman Primates

A multi-modal fitting approach to construct single-neuron models with patch clamp and high-density microelectrode arrays

Overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein leads to dysregulated microbiome/metabolites with ageing in a rat model of Parkinson disease

Multimodal transcriptomic atlases of mouse spinal cord injury

Cardiovascular response to closed-loop intraneural stimulation of the right vagus nerve: a proof-of-concept study

Fast-Spiking Interneurons of the Premotor Cortex Contribute to Initiation and Execution of Spontaneous Actions