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Background & Aims: Increased plasma ammonia concentration and consequent disruption of brain energy metabolism could underpin the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Brain energy homeostasis relies on effective maintenance of brain oxygenation, an ...

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is the only technique capable of measuring a large number of metabolites simultaneously in vivo. Ultra-high magnetic fields (UHF) combined with ultra-short echo time (TE) sequences allow the detection of high-quality 1 ...

Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder occurring as a consequence of chronic liver disease. Alterations in energy metabolism have been suggested in type C HE, but in vivo studies on this matter remain sparse and have repo ...

Creatine (Cr) is an organic acid essential for recycling ATP, important in tissues with high energy demand such as muscle or brain. Cr is synthesized in a 2-step pathway by the enzymes AGAT and GAMT, and transported by SLC6A8 (also called CrT). Cerebral Cr ...

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a serious condition where various toxins present in the blood affect the brain leading to type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Both adults and children are impacted, while children may display unique vulnerabilities depending ...

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) enables the simultaneous noninvasive acquisition of MR spectra from multiple spatial locations inside the brain. Although 1H-MRSI is increasingly used in the human brain, it is not yet widely applied in the p ...

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) is a powerful tool that enables the multidimensional non-invasive mapping of the neurochemical profile at high resolution over the entire brain. The constant demand for higher spatial resolution in ...

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly benefit from noise reduction s ...

Introduction Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a decompensating event of chronic liver disease leading to severe motor and cognitive impairment. The progression of type C HE is associated with changes in brain metabolite concentrations measured by 1H m ...

Proton MR spectra of the brain, especially those measured at short and intermediate echo times, contain signals from mobile macromolecules (MM). A description of the main MM is provided in this consensus paper. These broad peaks of MM underlie the narrower ...

Oxidative stress is a natural phenomenon in the body. Under physiological conditions intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal components of signal transduction cascades, and their levels are maintained by a complex antioxidants systems partic ...

The role and coexistence of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in type C hepatic encephalopathy (C HE) is a subject of intense debate. Under normal conditions the physiological levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are controlled by the count ...

PurposeTo improve the detection and subsequent estimation of the diffusion properties of strongly J-coupled metabolites in diffusion-weighted MRS (DWS).MethodsA new sequence for single-voxel diffusion-weighted 1H MR spectroscopy, named DW-SPECIAL, is propo ...

Purpose Reliable detection and fitting of macromolecules (MM) are crucial for accurate quantification of brain short-echo time (TE) 1H-MR spectra. An experimentally acquired single MM spectrum is commonly used. Higher spectral resolution at ultra-high fiel ...

Creatine is an organic compound used as fast phosphate energy buffer to recycle ATP, important in tissues with high energy demand such as muscle or brain. Creatine is taken from the diet or endogenously synthetized by the enzymes AGAT and GAMT, and specifi ...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric complication of liver disease which is partly associated with elevated ammonemia. Urea hydrolysis by urease-producing bacteria in the colon is often mentioned as one of the main routes of ammonia production in t ...

Dunja Simicic

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Abnormal brain oxygen homeostasis in an animal model of liver disease

Advanced metabolite mapping at ultra-high field using 1H-MRS, 1H-MRSI and macromolecules: applications in a rat model of type C hepatic encephalopathy

PET CMRglc mapping and H-1-MRS show altered glucose uptake and neurometabolic profiles in BDL rats

Heterozygous females from a rat model for creatine transporter deficiency reveal altered behavioral response to stressors, normal body weight and slight metabolic changes

Neurometabolic changes in a rat pup model of type C hepatic encephalopathy depend on age at liver disease onset

Fast High-Resolution Metabolite Mapping in the rat Brain Using 1H-FID-MRSI at 14.1 T

Noise-reduction techniques for 1H-FID-MRSI at 14.1 T: Monte Carlo validation and in vivo application

MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls

Diffusion of brain metabolites highlights altered brain microstructure in type C hepatic encephalopathy: a 9.4 T preliminary study

Contribution of macromolecules to brain H-1 MR spectra: Experts' consensus recommendations

Overview of oxidative stress findings in hepatic encephalopathy: From cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data

Central nervous system and systemic oxidative stress interplay with inflammation in a bile duct ligation rat model of type C hepatic encephalopathy

Diffusion-weighted SPECIAL improves the detection of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh magnetic field

In vivo macromolecule signals in rat brain 1 H‐MR spectra at 9.4T: Parametrization, spline baseline estimation, and T 2 relaxation times

A new rat model of creatine transporter deficiency reveals behavioral disorder and altered brain metabolism

Inhibition of urease-mediated ammonia production by 2-octynohydroxamic acid in hepatic encephalopathy

In Vivo Longitudinal 1H MRS Study of Hippocampal, Cereberal and Striatal Metabolic Changes in the Adult Brain Using an Animal Model of Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy

The Beneficial Effect of Oral Cr Supplementation in an Early Childhood Rat Model of Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy: In Vivo Longitudinal 1H and 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Central Nervous System Oxidative Stress interplay with inflammation in a rat model of Type C Hepatic Encephalopathy - brothers in arms?

Brain Regional Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy: In-Vivo 1H MRS, Ex-Vivo ESR Spectroscopy and Histology Findings