Johan Alexandre Philippe Gaume

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Snow slab avalanches start with a failure in a weak snow layer buried below a cohesive snow slab. After failure, the very porous character of the weak layer leads to its volumetric collapse and thus closing of crack faces due to the weight of the overlayin ...

Snow avalanches cause fatalities and economic loss worldwide and are one of the most dangerous gravitational hazards in mountainous regions. Various flow behaviors have been reported in snow avalanches, making them challenging to be thoroughly understood a ...

With ongoing global warming, snow avalanche dynamics may change as snow cohesion and friction strongly depend on temperature. In the field, a diversity of avalanche flow regimes has been reported including fast, sheared flows and slow plugs. While the sign ...

Understanding the physical processes involved in snow avalanche‐obstacle interaction is essential to be able to estimate the pressure exerted on structures. Although avalanche impact pressure has been measured in field experiments for decades, the underlyi ...

Snow avalanches cause fatalities and economic damage. Key to their mitigation is the understanding of snow avalanche dynamics. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of snow avalanches, using the material point method (MPM) and an elastoplastic const ...

The failure of a weak snow layer underlying a cohesive slab is the primary step in the release process of a dry snow slab avalanche. The complex and heterogeneous microstructure of snow limits our understanding of failure initiation inside the weak layer, ...

Alpine mass movements can generate process cascades involving different materials including rock, ice, snow, and water. Numerical modelling is an essential tool for the quantification of natural hazards. Yet, state-of-the-art operational models are based o ...

Mountain forests provide natural protection against avalanches. They can both prevent avalanche formation in release zones and reduce avalanche mobility in runout areas. Although the braking effect of forests has been previously explored through global sta ...

Dry-snow slab avalanche release is the result of failure initiation in a weak snowpack layer buried below a cohesive snow slab, which is then followed by rapid crack propagation. The Propagation Saw Test (PST) is a field experiment which allows to evaluate ...

Dry-snow slab avalanches release due to the formation of a crack in a weak layer buried below cohesive snow slabs, followed by rapid crack propagation. The onset of rapid crack propagation occurs if stresses at the crack tip in the weak layer overcome its ...

Understanding the dynamics driving the transformation of snowfall crystals into blowing snow particles is critical to correctly account for the energy and mass balances in polar and alpine regions. Here we propose a fragmentation theory of fractal snow cry ...

For the release of a slab avalanche, crack propagation within a weak snowpack layer below a cohesive snow slab is required. As crack speed measurements can give insight into underlying processes, we analysed three crack propagation events that occurred in ...

We have conducted discrete element simulations (PFC3D) of very loose, cohesive, granular assemblies with initial configurations which are drawn from Baxter's sticky hard sphere (SHS) ensemble. The SHS model is employed as a promising auxiliary means to ind ...

The failure of a weak snow layer buried below cohesive slab layers is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for the release of a dry-snow slab avalanche. The size of the crack in the weak layer must also exceed a critical length to propagate across a sl ...

The Dyatlov Pass incident is an intriguing unsolved mystery from the last century. In February 1959, a group of nine experienced Russian mountaineers perished during a difficult expedition in the northern Urals. A snow avalanche hypothesis was proposed, am ...

Dry-snow slab avalanches start with a local failure in a weak snowpack layer buried below cohesive snow slab layers. If the size of the failed zone exceeds a critical size, rapid crack propagation occurs possibly followed by slab release if the slope is st ...

Dry-snow slab avalanches release due to crack propagation in a weak snow layer under a cohesive snow slab. Crack propagation speeds can provide insights into the potential size of avalanches and inform fracture and avalanche release models. Despite their i ...

Erosion significantly affects the dynamics of gravity-driven mass flows. In snow avalanches, the snow cover can be substantially eroded but only partially entrained, however, there are very limited investigations to substantiate this difference. Here, we s ...

Porous brittle solids evidence complex mechanical behavior, where localized failure patterns originate from mechanical processes on the microstructural level. In order to investigate the failure mechanics of porous brittle solids, we outline a general stoc ...

Johan Alexandre Philippe Gaume

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Investigating the release and flow of snow avalanches at the slope-scale using a unified model based on the material point method

Three-dimensional and real-scale modeling of flow regimes in dense snow avalanches

Numerical investigation of the effect of cohesion and ground friction on snow avalanches flow regimes

Decoupling the role of inertia, friction and cohesion in dense granular avalanche pressure build‐up on obstacles

The mechanical origin of snow avalanche dynamics and flow regime transitions

Numerical investigation of the mixed-mode failure of snow

Towards a predictive multi-phase model for alpine mass movements and process cascades

Detrainment and braking of snow avalanches interacting with forests

A mechanically-based model of snow slab and weak layer fracture in the Propagation Saw Test

Stress Concentrations in Weak Snowpack Layers and Conditions for Slab Avalanche Release

Fragmentation of wind-blown snow crystals

Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers

Scaling laws for the mechanics of loose and cohesive granular materials based on Baxter's sticky hard spheres

Snow fracture in relation to slab avalanche release: critical state for the onset of crack propagation

Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959

Assessing snow instability in skier-triggered snow slab avalanches by combining failure initiation and crack propagation

Using video detection of snow surface movements to estimate weak layer crack propagation speeds

Different erosion and entrainment mechanisms in snow avalanches

Editorial: About the Relevance of Snow Microstructure Study in Cryospheric Sciences

Computational micromechanics of porous brittle solids