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Tamar Kohn

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Publications associées (102)

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Association with Natural Organic Matter Enhances the Sunlight-Mediated Inactivation of MS2 Coliphage by Singlet Oxygen

Tamar Kohn

MS2 coliphage, a surrogate for human enteric viruses, is inactivated by singlet oxygen (1O2) produced via sunlight-mediated excitation of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters. The 1O2 concentration within a NOM macromolecule or supramolecular ass ...

American Chemical Society2007

Genetic, structural and phenotypic properties of MS2 coliphage with resistance to ClO2 disinfection

Tamar Kohn, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Petr Leiman, Virginie Bachmann, Sergey Nazarov, Qingxia Zhong, Ricardo Cesar Guerrero Ferreira

Common water disinfectants like chlorine have been reported to select for resistant viruses, yet little attention has been devoted to characterizing disinfection resistance. Here, we investigated the resistance of MS2 coliphage to inactivation by chlorine ...

Amer Chemical Soc2016

Fate of parasites and viruses in calcium hydroxide-treated urine in relation to temperature and moisture content

Tamar Kohn, Loïc Decrey

Human urine can be used as fertilizer and technologies, such as alkaline-urine treatment, are being developed to enable easier re-use. There is, however, a risk of pathogens being present in the urine. This hygiene assessment examined inactivation of three ...

2022

Inactivation mechanisms of influenza A virus under pH conditions encountered in aerosol particles as revealed by whole-virus HDX-MS

Tamar Kohn, Athanasios Nenes, Kalliopi Violaki, Ghislain Gilles Jean-Michel Motos, Giovanni D'Angelo, Aline Laetitia Schaub, Shannon Christa David, Walter Hugentobler, Jonathan Paz Montoya

Multiple respiratory viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), can be transmitted via expiratory aerosol particles, and aerosol pH was recently identified as a major factor influencing airborne virus infectivity. Indoors, small exhaled aerosols undergo r ...

2023

Transmission dynamics of Norovirus GII and Enterovirus in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2022) as evidenced in wastewater

Tamar Kohn, Timothy R. Julian, Htet Kyi Wynn, Shotaro Torii, Charles Zeng Gan

Noroviruses and enteroviruses are major causes of endemic gastrointestinal disease associated with substantial disease burden. However, viral gastroenteritis is often diagnosed based on symptoms, with etiology infrequently tested or reported, so little inf ...

Elsevier BV2025

Control of Waterborne Human Viruses by Indigenous Bacteria and Protists Is Influenced by Temperature, Virus Type, and Microbial Species

Tamar Kohn, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Margot Ninon Lauren Olive, Charles Zeng Gan

Human viruses are ubiquitous contaminants in surface waters, where they can persist over extended periods of time. Among the factors governing their environmental persistence, the control (removal or inactivation) by microorganisms remains poorly understoo ...

2020

Differences in viral disinfection mechanisms as revealed by quantitative transfection of Echovirus 11 genomes

Urs von Gunten, Tamar Kohn, Jason Robert Torrey

Virus inactivation mechanisms can be elucidated by methods which measure the loss of specific virus functionality (e.g., host attachment, genome internalization, genome replication). Genome functionality is frequently assessed by PCR-based methods, which a ...

2019

Pathogens and pharmaceuticals in source-separated urine in eThekwini, South Africa

Tamar Kohn, Heather Nicole Bischel-Magnan

In eThekwini, South Africa, the production of agricultural fertilizers from human urine collected from urine-diverting dry toilets is being evaluated at a municipality scale as a way to help finance a decentralized, dry sanitation system. The present study ...

Elsevier2015

Transfer of enteric viruses (adenovirus and coxsackievirus) and bacteriophage (MS2) from liquid to human skin

Tamar Kohn, Timothy R. Julian, Ana Karina Pitol Garcia, Heather Nicole Bischel-Magnan

Indirect exposure to waterborne viruses increases risk of infection, especially amongst children with frequent hand-to-mouth contacts. Here, we quantified the transfer of one bacteriophage (MS2) and two enteric viruses (adenovirus and coxsackievirus) from ...

2018

Removal of waterborne viruses by Tetrahymena pyriformis is virus-specific and coincides with changes in protist swimming speed

Tamar Kohn

Biological treatment of waterborne viruses, specifically grazing of viruses by protists, can enhance microbial water quality while avoiding the production of toxic byproducts and high energy costs. However, tangible applications are limited by the lack of ...

2022

Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in the Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva, part II: Micropollutant removal between wastewater and raw drinking water

Tamar Kohn, Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Dominique Grandjean, Frédéric Bonvin, Florence Bonvin, Chiara Perazzolo

The occurrence and removal of 58 pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and pesticides, were assessed in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland, as well as in the effluent-receiving water ...

Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Press2010

Micropollutant dynamics in Vidy Bay - A coupled hydrodynamic-photolysis model to assess the spatial extent of ecotoxicological risk

David Andrew Barry, Tamar Kohn, Florence Bonvin, Amir Mehdi Razmi

The direct discharge of effluent wastewater into Vidy Bay (Lake Geneva) results in the formation of an effluent plume with locally high concentrations of wastewater-derived micropollutants. The micropollutant hotspots above the wastewater outfall present a ...

Amer Chemical Soc2013

Photoinactivation of virus on iron-oxide coated sand: enhancing inactivation in sunlit waters

Tamar Kohn, Brian Pecson, Loïc Decrey

Adsorption onto iron oxides can enhance the removal of waterborne viruses in constructed wetlands and soils. If reversible adsorption is not coupled with inactivation, however, infective viruses may be released when changes in solution conditions cause des ...

Elsevier2012

Fate of the pathogen indicators phage phiX174 and Ascaris suum eggs during the production of struvite fertilizer from source-separated urine

Tamar Kohn, Brian Pecson, Loïc Decrey

Human urine has the potential to be a sustainable, locally and continuously available source of nutrients for agriculture. Phosphate can be efficiently recovered from human urine in the form of the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O). However, struvite format ...

Elsevier2011

Selective elimination of enterovirus genotypes by activated sludge and chlorination

Tamar Kohn, Shotaro Torii

Enteroviruses, which are commonly circulating viruses shed in the stool, are released into the sewage system and only partially removed or inactivated, resulting in the discharge of infectious enteroviruses into the environment. Activated sludge and chlori ...

2023

Impact of organic compounds on the stability of influenza A virus in deposited 1-μL droplets

Tamar Kohn, Athanasios Nenes, Kalliopi Violaki, Ghislain Gilles Jean-Michel Motos, Aline Laetitia Schaub, Shannon Christa David, Walter Hugentobler, Céline Terrettaz

The composition of respiratory fluids influences the stability of viruses in exhaled aerosol particles and droplets, though the role of respiratory organics in modulating virus stability remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of orga ...

2024

Monitoring an Emergent Pathogen at Low Incidence in Wastewater Using qPCR: Mpox in Switzerland

Tamar Kohn, Timothy R. Julian

Wastewater-based epidemiology offers a complementary approach to clinical case-based surveillance of emergent diseases and can help identify regions with infected people to prioritize clinical surveillance strategies. However, tracking emergent diseases in ...

2024

Diversity of lake bacteria promotes human echovirus inactivation

Tamar Kohn, Hannes Markus Peter, Josephine Lederballe Meibom

Human enteric viruses can remain infective in surface waters for exten ded periods of time, posing a public health risk. Microbial activity contributes to the inactivation of waterborne enteric viruses, but while individual bacteria-virus interac tions hav ...

2025

Observed Kinetics of Enterovirus Inactivation by Free Chlorine Are Host Cell-Dependent

Tamar Kohn, Shannon Christa David, Shotaro Torii, Odile Marie Clotilde Hervás de Nalda-Larivé, Federica Cariti

Virucidal efficacies of disinfectants are typically assessed by infectivity assay utilizing a single type of host cell. Enteroviruses infect multiple host cells via various entry routes, and each entry route may be impaired differently by a given disinfect ...

2023

Global sensitivity analysis of environmental, water quality, photoreactivity, and engineering design parameters in sunlight inactivation of viruses

Tamar Kohn

Sunlight-mediated inactivation of microorganisms is a low-cost approach to disinfect drinking water and wastewater. The reactions involved are affected by a wide range of factors, and a lack of knowledge about their relative importance make it challenging ...

2020