Publications de Pierre Magistretti

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Follow-up studies of eating disorders (EDs) suggest outcomes ranging from recovery to chronic illness or death, but predictors of outcome have not been consistently identified. We tested 5151 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in approximately 350 cand ...

In recent years, previously unsuspected roles of astrocytes have been revealed, largely owing to the development of new tools enabling their selective study in situ. These exciting findings add to the large body of evidence demonstrating that astrocytes pl ...

Epidemiological and biochemical studies show that the sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by the following hallmarks: (a) An exponential increase with age; (b) Selective neuronal vulnerability; (c) Inverse cancer comorbidity. The p ...

The glyoxalase system is the most important pathway for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound mainly formed as a by-product of glycolysis. MG is a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which ar ...

Study Objectives: There is growing evidence indicating that in order to meet the neuronal energy demands, astrocytes provide lactate as an energy substrate for neurons through a mechanism called "astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle" (ANLS). Since neuronal act ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a partial suppression of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 on skeletalmuscle pH, energetics, and function (MCT1(+/-) mice). Twenty-fourMCT1(+/-) and 13 wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to a re ...

Neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Huntington's diseases and schizophrenia have been associated with a deficit in glutathione (GSH). In particular, a polymorphism in the gene of glutamate cysteine ligase modul ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. ALS is believed to be a non-cell autonomous condition, as other cell types, including astrocytes, have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Hence, to facilitate the developmen ...

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and exert various toxic effects on neurons; however, relatively little is known about their influence on glial cells. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in brain homeostasis, contributing to the regulation of local energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense, two aspects of importance for neuronal viability and function. In the present study, we explored the effects of Abeta peptides on glucose metabolism in cultured ast

In the Freudian theory of the psychical apparatus, the introduction from the 1920s onward of the second drive dualism appears as a major turning point. The idea of a "death drive," first expressed in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud, 1920), is generall ...

One will not understand the brain without an integrated exploration of structure and function, these attributes being two sides of the same coin: together they form the currency of biological computation. Accordingly, biologically realistic models require ...

The energy demands of the brain are high: they account for at least 20% of the body's energy consumption. Evolutionary studies indicate that the emergence of higher cognitive functions in humans is associated with an increased glucose utilization and expre ...

Recent years have seen a surge in mathematical modeling of the various aspects of neuron-astrocyte interactions, and the field of brain energy metabolism is no exception in that regard. Despite the advent of biophysical models in the field, the long-lastin ...

Spatially-spectrally-resolved reflectance measurements allow in vivo measuring the optical coefficients of absorption and scattering within the cortical tissue. This method, if applied to neural tissue during enhanced activity, could allow a straightforward monitoring of the blood oxygen saturation changes occurring in the brain cortex during hemodynamic responses. Furthermore, it may provide valuable information on possible absorption and scattering changes occurring during stimulation. The feasibility of

Quantitative Phase Imaging techniques such as DHM have emerged recently in life sciences and can be aimed at monitoring and quantifying non-invasively dynamic cellular processes modifying cell morphology and/or content. Concretely, the DHM phase signal depends on two cell parameters: cell thickness and integral refractive index. Consequently, due to its dual origin, the interpretation of the phase signal variations remain difficult. Since a net water flux across the cell membrane causes a variation of both

Brain glycogen levels are dynamically regulated by certain neurotransmitters, including noradrenaline (NA) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In particular, glycogen synthesis involves activation by NA and VIP of the transcription factors C/EBPbeta and -delta as well as the induction of glycogen synthase. Glycogen accumulation is found in a variety of neuropathological conditions, including reactive astrocytosis after CNS lesions, as well as in Alzheimer's disease. Protein targeting to glycogen (PTG)

Digital holographic microscopy is an interferometric technique enabling the measurement of the quantitative phase shifts induced by cell bodies. We correlate the phase signal measured on neurons with calcium imaging measured by fluorescence on cells loaded with Fluo-4, to monitor responses to glutamate challenges, which provoke well-known calcium increases through activation of various membrane receptors. A very good correspondence can be identified between the two signals, showing the links between the pha

The Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is constantly exploited by astrocytes as a secondary energy source to regulate the intracellular and extracellular milieu, and discard waste products. One of the most prominent roles of astrocytes in the brain is ...

Cerebral energy metabolism is a highly compartmentalized and complex process in which transcellular trafficking of metabolites plays a pivotal role. Over the past decade, a role for lactate in fueling the energetic requirements of neurons has emerged. Furt ...

A central problem in the treatment of drug addiction is the high risk of relapse often precipitated by drug-associated cues. The transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons is required for long-term memory. Whereas blockade of drug memo ...

Pierre Magistretti

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Genetic Association of Recovery from Eating Disorders: The Role of GABA Receptor SNPs

Astrocyte-neuron metabolic relationships: for better and for worse

Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid hypothesis and the Inverse Warburg effect

Role of the Glyoxalase System in Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroprotection

Genes Involved in the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) Are Specifically Regulated in Cortical Astrocytes Following Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Role of MCT1 and CAII in skeletal muscle pH homeostasis, energetics, and function: in vivo insights from MCT1 haploinsufficient mice

Altered Glycogen Metabolism in Cultured Astrocytes from Mice with Chronic Glutathione Deficit; Relevance for Neuroenergetics in Schizophrenia

Astrocyte–neuron co-culture on microchips based on the model of SOD mutation to mimic ALS

Amyloid-beta aggregates cause alterations of astrocytic metabolic phenotype: impact on neuronal viability

From the Principle of Inertia to the Death Drive: The Influence of the Second Law of Thermodynamics on the Freudian Theory of the Psychical Apparatus

A Process for Digitizing and Simulating Biologically Realistic Oligocellular Networks Demonstrated for the Neuro-Glio-Vascular Ensemble

A Cellular Perspective on Brain Energy Metabolism and Functional Imaging

Comment on recent modeling studies of astrocyte-neuron metabolic interactions

Determination of local optical properties of the rat barrel cortex during neural activation: Monte-Carlo approach to light propagation

Dual-wavelength Digital Holography for quantification of cell volume and integral refractive index (RI)

Protein targeting to glycogen mRNA expression is stimulated by noradrenaline in mouse cortical astrocytes

Cell death detection and ionic homeostasis monitoring with digital holographic microscopy

Sodium Signaling and Astrocyte Energy Metabolism

In Vivo Evidence for Lactate as a Neuronal Energy Source

Disrupting astrocyte-neuron lactate transfer persistently reduces conditioned responses to cocaine