IT riskInformation technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on information, information processing and especially IT. Various events or incidents that compromise IT in some way can therefore cause adverse impacts on the organization's business processes or mission, ranging from inconsequential to catastrophic in scale.
Risk factor (computing)In information security, risk factor is a collective name for circumstances affecting the likelihood or impact of a security risk. Factor Analysis of Information Risk#Risk Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) is devoted to the analysis of different factors influencing IT risk. It decompose at various levels, starting from the first level Loss Event Frequency and Probable Loss Magnitude, going on examining the asset, the threat agent capability compared to the vulnerability (computing) and the security control (also called countermeasure) strength, the probability that the agent get in contact and actually act against the asset, the organization capability to react to the event and the impact on stakeholders.
Spectral risk measureA Spectral risk measure is a risk measure given as a weighted average of outcomes where bad outcomes are, typically, included with larger weights. A spectral risk measure is a function of portfolio returns and outputs the amount of the numeraire (typically a currency) to be kept in reserve. A spectral risk measure is always a coherent risk measure, but the converse does not always hold. An advantage of spectral measures is the way in which they can be related to risk aversion, and particularly to a utility function, through the weights given to the possible portfolio returns.
Analyse factorielle du risque informationnelL'analyse factorielle du risque informationnel ou Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) en anglais, est une taxonomie des facteurs contribuant aux risques et la façon dont ils s’influencent mutuellement. Il s'agit principalement d’établir des probabilités précises sur la fréquence et l'ampleur des événements de perte de données. Il ne s’agit pas d’une méthodologie pour effectuer une évaluation des risques d'une entreprise (ou d'un individu). Il s'agit également d’un cadre de gestion des risques développé par Jack A.
Évaluation des risquesDans le domaine de la gestion des risques, l'évaluation des risques est l'ensemble des méthodes consistant à calculer la criticité (pertinence et gravité) des dangers. Elle vise outre à les quantifier, à qualifier les dangers (qui doivent donc préalablement avoir été identifiés). Elle se base sur . Dans ce domaine, on se restreint à l'étude du risque aryétique, c'est-à-dire en ne considérant que les événements à conséquences négatives.
Distance correlationIn statistics and in probability theory, distance correlation or distance covariance is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimension. The population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only if the random vectors are independent. Thus, distance correlation measures both linear and nonlinear association between two random variables or random vectors. This is in contrast to Pearson's correlation, which can only detect linear association between two random variables.
Loi de FisherEn théorie des probabilités et en statistiques, la loi de Fisher ou encore loi de Fisher-Snedecor ou encore loi F de Snedecor est une loi de probabilité continue. Elle tire son nom des statisticiens Ronald Aylmer Fisher et George Snedecor. La loi de Fisher survient très fréquemment en tant que loi de la statistique de test lorsque l'hypothèse nulle est vraie, dans des tests statistiques, comme les tests du ratio de vraisemblance, dans les tests de Chow utilisés en économétrie, ou encore dans l'analyse de la variance (ANOVA) via le test de Fisher.
Ratio distributionA ratio distribution (also known as a quotient distribution) is a probability distribution constructed as the distribution of the ratio of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable Z that is formed as the ratio Z = X/Y is a ratio distribution. An example is the Cauchy distribution (also called the normal ratio distribution), which comes about as the ratio of two normally distributed variables with zero mean.
Capital économique (sociologie)Le capital économique est l’ensemble des ressources économiques d'un individu, c'est-à-dire à la fois ses revenus et, au sens large, son patrimoine. Le un concept de sociologie a été popularisé par Pierre Bourdieu. Dans La Distinction, le sociologue Pierre Bourdieu cherche à expliquer la place des individus dans l'espace social. Il considère que toute individualité est dotée de trois types de capitaux : le capital social, le capital culturel, et le capital économique. Les trois types de capitaux coexistent et peuvent interagir.
Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1998Les Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1998, officiellement connus comme les olympiques d'hiver, ont lieu à Nagano au Japon du 7 au . La ville était déjà candidate pour accueillir les Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1940 (finalement annulés) ainsi que ceux de 1972, mais elle a à chaque fois été éliminée au niveau des sélections japonaises. Nagano obtient l'organisation des Jeux lors de sa troisième candidature en s'imposant face aux villes d'Aoste en Italie, Jaca en Espagne, Östersund en Suède et Salt Lake City aux États-Unis.
Intertemporal portfolio choiceIntertemporal portfolio choice is the process of allocating one's investable wealth to various assets, especially financial assets, repeatedly over time, in such a way as to optimize some criterion. The set of asset proportions at any time defines a portfolio. Since the returns on almost all assets are not fully predictable, the criterion has to take financial risk into account. Typically the criterion is the expected value of some concave function of the value of the portfolio after a certain number of time periods—that is, the expected utility of final wealth.
Sample mean and covarianceThe sample mean (sample average) or empirical mean (empirical average), and the sample covariance or empirical covariance are statistics computed from a sample of data on one or more random variables. The sample mean is the average value (or mean value) of a sample of numbers taken from a larger population of numbers, where "population" indicates not number of people but the entirety of relevant data, whether collected or not. A sample of 40 companies' sales from the Fortune 500 might be used for convenience instead of looking at the population, all 500 companies' sales.
