Memory pagingIn computer operating systems, memory paging (or swapping on some Unix-like systems) is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memory implementations in modern operating systems, using secondary storage to let programs exceed the size of available physical memory.
Polymorphisme nucléotidiquevignette|La molécule d'ADN 1 diffère de la 2 par un seul nucléotide (polymorphisme C/T). Le polymorphisme nucléotidique (PN, ou polymorphisme d'un seul nucléotide, PSN ; single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) est, en génétique, la variation (polymorphisme) d'une seule paire de bases du génome entre individus d'une même espèce, ou entre un individu et la séquence de référence de l'espèce. La variation doit être située à un endroit spécifique du génome et apparaître sur une proportion supérieure à 1 % de la population pour être caractérisée comme PSN.
Data sharingData sharing is the practice of making data used for scholarly research available to other investigators. Many funding agencies, institutions, and publication venues have policies regarding data sharing because transparency and openness are considered by many to be part of the scientific method. A number of funding agencies and science journals require authors of peer-reviewed papers to share any supplemental information (raw data, statistical methods or source code) necessary to understand, develop or reproduce published research.
