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Séance de cours

Le magnétisme dans les nanosciences

Dans cours

PHYS-407: Frontiers in nanosciences

The course covers relevant experimental and theoretical concepts in nanoscale science, from fundamental aspects like quantum tunneling and quantum size effects, to hot topics like quantum transport and nanoscale magnetism. ...

Description

Cette séance de cours couvre les principes du magnétisme dans les nanosciences, en se concentrant sur la densité des états, les règles de Hund et les configurations orbitales. L'instructeur explique comment déterminer les configurations électroniques de différents éléments, tels que le titane et le fer, et comment calculer le moment de spin orbital pour chaque configuration.

Enseignant·e·s (4)

Klaus Kern

Klaus Kern is Professor of Physics at EPFL and Director and Scientific Member at the Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Germany. He also is Honorary Professor at the University of Konstanz, Germany. His present research interests are in nanoscale science, quantum technology and in microscopy at the atomic limits of space and time. He holds a chemistry degree and PhD from the University of Bonn and a honorary doctors degree from the University of Aalborg. After his doctoral studies he was staff scientist at the Research Center Jülich and visiting scientist at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill before joining the Faculty of EPFL in 1991 and the Max-Planck-Society in 1998. Professor Kern has authored and coauthored close to 700 scientific publications, which have received nearly 60‘000 citations. He has served frequently on advisory committees to universities, professional societies and institutions and has received numerous scientific awards and honors, including the 2008 Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Prize and the 2016 Van‘t Hoff Prize. Prof. Kern has also educated a large number of leading scientists in nanoscale physics and chemistry. During the past twenty-five years he has supervised one hundred PhD students and sixty postdoctoral fellows. Today, more than fifty of his former students and postdocs hold prominent faculty positions at Universities around the world.

Magalí Alejandra Lingenfelder

Magalí Lingenfelder is currently leading the Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience. Her vision is to create atomically tailored interfaces for applications in two distinct areas of urgent technological and societal relevance: energy conversion and smart antimicrobial interfaces. To access the nanoscale, her group uses a combination of state-of-the-art scanning probe microscopy and solid state spectroscopy, allowing the study of kinetic processes in-situ under liquid flow and potential control conditions (operando electrocatalysis). She made seminal contributions to the field of metal-organic coordination networks on solid surfaces, and received the Otto Hahn medal in 2008 for the microscopic understanding of the chiral recognition process with submolecular resolution. She is a committed mentor, and since her relocation from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA to EPFL in 2013, she directed 3 MSc. theses, 4 PhD theses and 4 postdocs. She advocates for problem-oriented interdisciplinary research: she led 5 international research consortiums, delivered over 40 invited presentations and organized 9 conferences and 4 doctoral schools. In 2018, the Royal Society of Chemistry included her work in the first collection “Celebrating Excellence in Research: 100 Women of Chemistry”.

Source officielle

Concepts associés (29)

Configuration électronique

redresse=1.6|vignette|Planche synthétisant la règle de Klechkowski (en haut à gauche) de remplissage des sous-couches électroniques ; en haut la géométrie des quatre types d'orbitales atomiques ; au centre la géométrie de quelques orbitales moléculaires ; en bas le nombre maximum d'électrons pouvant occuper les atomiques connues à l'état fondamental.

Interaction de configuration

L'interaction de configuration (configuration interaction en anglais - CI) est une méthode post-Hartree-Fock linéaire variationnelle pour la résolution de l'équation de Schrödinger non relativiste dans l'approximation de Born-Oppenheimer pour un système chimique quantique multi-électronique. Deux sens sont liés à l'expression d'« interaction de configuration » dans ce contexte. Mathématiquement, le terme de configuration décrit simplement la combinaison linéaire de déterminants de Slater utilisée pour la fonction d'onde.

Interaction spin-orbite

vignette|Structures fines et hyperfines dans l'hydrogène. Le couplage des différents moments cinétiques conduit à la division du niveau d'énergie. Non dessiné à l'échelle. Le moment cinétique de spin électronique, S est couplé au moment cinétique orbital électronique, L, pour former le moment angulaire électronique total , J. Celui-ci est ensuite couplé au moment cinétique de spin nucléaire, I, pour former le moment cinétique total, F. Le terme symbole prend la forme 2S+1L avec les valeurs de L représentées par des lettres (S,P,D ,F ,G,H,.

Electron magnetic moment

In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μe) is In units of the Bohr magneton (μB), it is -1.00115965218059μB, a value that was measured with a relative accuracy of 1.3e-13. The electron is a charged particle with charge −e, where e is the unit of elementary charge.

Théorie de l'orbitale moléculaire

La théorie de l'orbitale moléculaire (TOM) est un des socles de la chimie théorique du . Jusqu'alors les chimistes théoriciens étaient prisonniers des succès du modèle de la liaison covalente de Lewis. Les méthodes spectroscopiques du montrent les limites de l'idée de liaisons localisées en résolvant des structures chimiques jusque-là inédites. Par exemple la mésomérie ou résonance était vue, à tort, comme le passage rapide d'une conformation à une autre (résonance de Kekulé), ce qui n'était pas vérifié ni dans le spectre infrarouge ni dans la réactivité de molécules comme le benzène.

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Séances de cours associées (32)

Orbitales atomiques : Formes, configurations et exceptions

Explore les formes d'orbitales atomiques, les configurations d'électrons, les principes de stabilité et les exceptions à la règle Aufbau.

Structure atomique : Mécanique quantique

Couvre la théorie atomique, l'équation de Schrödinger, les nombres quantiques, les configurations d'électrons et les propriétés périodiques des éléments.

Modèle d'atome quantique

Explore le modèle quantique de l'atome, la configuration des électrons, les formes orbitales et la stabilité.

Modèle d'onde de l'atome

Explore le modèle d'onde de l'atome, des orbitales, des nombres quantiques et des configurations d'électrons.

Configuration électronique et tableau périodique

Explore la configuration électronique, les tendances périodiques et la structure du tableau périodique.

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Stefano Rusponi

Education: • 1999 Doctoral degree in Physics obtained at the Physics Department, University of Genova PhD thesis title: “STM study of nanostructures induced by ion sputtering on noble metals”. • 1994 University degree in Physics achieved at the Physics Department, University of Genova. Final mark: 110/110 cum laude Diploma thesis title: “A project for a new method of EELS spectroscopy”. • 1988 High school at the Liceo Scientifico G. P. Vieusseux in Imperia. Final mark: 60/60. Research career plan: • 2016 – present MER: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in the group of Prof. Harald Brune • 2003 – 2016: 1er. Assistant: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in the group of Prof. Harald Brune • 2000-2003: Assistant: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) under the direction of Prof. Harald Brune • 1999-2000: Research associate: Max-Planck-Institut of Stuttgart under the direction of Prof. Klaus Kern Miscellaneous of professional activities: a) Review panel • Member of the Elettra proposal review panel • Member of the committee of the EDPY doctoral school in Physics at the EPFL b) Co-worker in the building of the X-Treme beamline: c) Referee for scientific journals: • Nat. Commun., Phys. Rev. Lett., Phys. Rev. B, J. Appl. Phys., Surf. Sci., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. Funding record a) Funding awarded • Quantum Properties of Nanostructures at Surfaces, FNS 200020-157081/1; (01/10/2014 – 31/09/2017); total amount attributed: 832'558 CHF; co-applicant • Controlling magnetic anisotropy by interfacial coupling, FNS 200021_146715/1; (01/01/2014 – 31/12/2016); total amount attributed: 367'800 CHF; co-applicant • Self-assembled bi-metallic magnetic pillar superlattices with enhanced blocking temperature, SER C10.0135; (01/08/2011 – 01/08/2013); total amount attributed: 170'000 CHF; co-applicant • Magnetic and Catalytic Properties of Surface Supported Metallic Nanostructures, FNS 200020-120493/1; (01/04/2008 – 31/03/2010); total amount attributed: 402'669 CHF; co-applicant • Magnetic and Catalytic Properties of Surface Supported Metallic Nanostructures, FNS 200020-112322/1; (01/04/2006 – 31/03/2008); total amount attributed: 347'633 CHF; co-applicant b) Approved proposals for the allocation of beamtime Swiss Light Source (SLS): main proposer: 9 co-proposer: 4 Elettra: main proposer: 5 co-proposer: 1 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF): main proposer: 2 co-proposer: 11 Student supervisor • Co-director of PhD thesis: 4 PhD students

Dimitris Mousadakos: Seeking the smallest room temperature magnets; (in progress)
Romana Baltic: Controlling single atom magnetic anisotropy by interfacial coupling; (in progress)
Alberto Cavallin: Growth and magnetism of nanostructures investigated by STM, MOKE, and XMCD; (Oct. 2013), Thèse N°5941
Sergio Vlaic: Magnetism and atomic scale structure of bimetallic nanostructures at surfaces; (Dec. 2012), Thèse N° 5625

• Supervisor of PhD thesis (without co-direction): 4 PhD students

Anne Lehnert: Magnetism of individual adatoms and of epitaxial monolayers; (Jun. 2009), Thèse N° 4411
Geraud Moulas: Growth and magnetism of 2D bimetallic nanostructures; (Dec. 2008), Thèse N° 4231
Philipp Buluschek: Submonolayer growth of cobalt on metallic and insulating surfaces studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations; (Nov. 2007), Thèse N° 3944
Nicolas Weiss: Propriétés magnétiques de nanostructures de Co adsorbées; (Apr. 2004), Thèse N° 2980

• Supervisor of Master thesis: 6 students • Supervisor of semester projects: 9 students • PhD thesis referee: 2 students

Concepts associés (29)

Configuration électronique

Interaction de configuration

Interaction spin-orbite

Electron magnetic moment

Théorie de l'orbitale moléculaire

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