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Séance de cours

Généralisation et suréquipement

Concepts associés (26)

Rule-based machine learning

Rule-based machine learning (RBML) is a term in computer science intended to encompass any machine learning method that identifies, learns, or evolves 'rules' to store, manipulate or apply. The defining characteristic of a rule-based machine learner is the identification and utilization of a set of relational rules that collectively represent the knowledge captured by the system. This is in contrast to other machine learners that commonly identify a singular model that can be universally applied to any instance in order to make a prediction.

Science des données

La science des données est l'étude de l’extraction automatisée de connaissance à partir de grands ensembles de données. Plus précisément, la science des données est un domaine interdisciplinaire qui utilise des méthodes, des processus, des algorithmes et des systèmes scientifiques pour extraire des connaissances et des idées à partir de nombreuses données structurées ou non . Elle est souvent associée aux données massives et à l'analyse des données.

Complexité

La complexité caractérise le comportement d'un système dont les composants interagissent localement et de façon non linéaire, ce qui se traduit par un comportement difficilement prédictible. La complexité peut donc caractériser un système "composé d'un grand nombre d'éléments interagissant sans coordination centrale, sans plan établi par un architecte, et menant spontanément à l'émergence de structures complexes" (Alain Barrat, directeur de recherche au Centre de physique théorique de Marseille); mais aussi caractériser des systèmes composés de peu d'éléments (voir le chaos déterministe).

Loss functions for classification

In machine learning and mathematical optimization, loss functions for classification are computationally feasible loss functions representing the price paid for inaccuracy of predictions in classification problems (problems of identifying which category a particular observation belongs to). Given as the space of all possible inputs (usually ), and as the set of labels (possible outputs), a typical goal of classification algorithms is to find a function which best predicts a label for a given input .

Robust regression

In robust statistics, robust regression seeks to overcome some limitations of traditional regression analysis. A regression analysis models the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable. Standard types of regression, such as ordinary least squares, have favourable properties if their underlying assumptions are true, but can give misleading results otherwise (i.e. are not robust to assumption violations).

Hinge loss

In machine learning, the hinge loss is a loss function used for training classifiers. The hinge loss is used for "maximum-margin" classification, most notably for support vector machines (SVMs). For an intended output t = ±1 and a classifier score y, the hinge loss of the prediction y is defined as Note that should be the "raw" output of the classifier's decision function, not the predicted class label. For instance, in linear SVMs, , where are the parameters of the hyperplane and is the input variable(s).