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Séance de cours

Maladie de Parkinson: Circuits de Ganglie Basale

Dans cours

BIO-480: Neuroscience: from molecular mechanisms to disease

The goal of the course is to guide students through the essential aspects of molecular neuroscience and neurodegenerative diseases. The student will gain the ability to dissect the molecular basis of disease in the nervous system in order to begin to under ...

Description

Cette séance de cours couvre les circuits des ganglions basaux impliqués dans la maladie de Parkinson, y compris la structure et la fonction des ganglions basaux, le contrôle du mouvement, les circuits, les neurotransmetteurs et le rôle de la dopamine. Il traite de la pathologie de la maladie de Parkinson, de la perte de dopamine et des traitements symptomatiques tels que la stimulation cérébrale profonde. La vulnérabilité neuronale sélective, les corps de Lewy, les formes familiales, la propagation des pathologies et la corrélation avec les premiers symptômes sont également explorés.

Enseignant·e·s (4)

Hilal Lashuel

2012-2013 Visiting Professor, Standford University. Stanford School of Medicine 2011- Associate Professor of Life Sciences-Brain Mind Institute-EPFL Dir. Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration 2005-2011 Assistant Professor of Life Sciences-Brain Mind Institute-EPFL Dir. Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics 2005-2008 Director- EPFL Proteomic Core Facility 2002-2004 Instructor of Neurology- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital 2001-2002 Sabbatical Fellow- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration Harvard Medical School, 2001-2002 Post-doctoral Fellow- Center for Neurologic Diseases Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Advisor- Prof. Peter T. Lansbury 2000-2001 Research Scientist, The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Great Neck New York 1994-2000 PhD Student; Texas A&M University and the Scripps Research Institute Advisor- Prof. Jeffery W. Kelly 1990-1994 B.S. City University of New York, Brooklyn College Dr. Hilal A. Lashuel received his B.Sc. degree in chemistry from the City University of New York in 1994 and completed his doctoral studies at Texas A&M University and the Scripps Research Institute in 2000. After obtaining his doctoral degree, he became a research fellow at the Picower Institute for Medical Research in Long Island New York. In 2001, he moved to Harvard Medical School and the Brigham and Women's Hospital as a research fellow in the Center for Neurologic Diseases and was later promoted to an instructor in neurology at Harvard Medical School. During his tenure (2001-2004) at Harvard Medical School his work focused on understanding the mechanisms of protein misfolding and fibrillogenesis and the role of these processes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In 2005 Dr. Lashuel moved Switzerland to join the Brain Mind Institute at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne as a tenure-track assistant professor in neurosciences. Currently, Dr. Lashuel is an associate professor of life sciences and the director of the laboratory of molecular and chemical biology of neurodegeneration. (http://lashuel-lab.epfl.ch/). Research efforts in the Lashuels laboratory focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and developing novel strategies to diagnose and treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease. Research in the Lashuel lab is funded by several international funding agencies and foundations, including the Swiss National Science Foundation, European FP7 program (Marie Curie and ERC grants), Human Science Frontiers, Strauss Foundation, Cure the Huntingtons disease foundation and Michael J Fox foundation and is supported by collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotech companies (http://lashuel-lab.epfl.ch/page-50538-en.html), Nestle, Merck-Serono, AC Immune and Johnson and Johnson. Dr. Lashuels research has resulted in the characterization of novel quaternary structure intermediates on the amyloid pathway, identification of potential therapeutic targets, and new hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of pathogenesis in Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and related disorders. Dr. Lashuel scientific contribution to this field includes i) more than100 publications in major peer reviewed journals including Nature journals, Cell, PNAS, JBC, J. Neuroscience JACS, and Angewandtie Chemie; ii) three patents on novel strategies for preventing protein aggregation and treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; iii) more than 150 invited lectures since 2002 and more than 5500 citations (7800 citation-Google Scholar) since 1996. Dr. Lashuel has received several pre-doctoral and post-doctoral awards and fellowships and was the recipient of two prestigious awards given to young investigators; Human Science Frontiers young investigator research award and the European Research Council (ERC) starting independent researcher grant and the ERC proof of concept award (2013) These awards provide more than $2.5 Million to Dr. Lashuel to translate some of his ideas and projects into novel strategies for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease. Dr. Lashuel has chaired and co-organized several international conferences and serves as an academic editor for PLoS ONE, an associate editor for frontiers of molecular neuroscience, member of the Editorial advisory board of ChemBioChem and ad hoc reviewer for several international scientific journals and funding agencies.

Source officielle

Proximité ontologique

Biologie

Biologie cellulaire: Neurotransmission

Concepts associés (32)

Ganglions de la base

Les ganglions de la base (autrement appelés noyaux gris centraux ou noyaux de la base) sont un ensemble de structures sous-corticales constitué par des noyaux pairs, interconnectés au niveau télencéphalique (hémisphères cérébraux) et diencéphalique. Leur structure peut varier selon qu'on les définit de manière anatomique ou fonctionnelle.

Basal ganglia disease

Basal ganglia disease is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function. Research indicates that increased output of the basal ganglia inhibits thalamocortical projection neurons. Proper activation or deactivation of these neurons is an integral component for proper movement.

Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop

The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC loop) is a system of neural circuits in the brain. The loop involves connections between the cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and back to the cortex. It is of particular relevance to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, as well as to mental disorders of control, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette syndrome.

Dopamine

La dopamine (DA) est un neurotransmetteur, une molécule biochimique qui permet la communication au sein du système nerveux, et l'une de celles qui influent directement sur le comportement. La dopamine renforce les actions habituellement bénéfiques telles que manger un aliment sain en provoquant la sensation de plaisir ce qui active ainsi le système de récompense/renforcement. Elle est donc indispensable à la survie de l'individu. Plus généralement, elle joue un rôle dans la motivation et la prise de risque chez les mammifères, donc chez l'être humain aussi.

Maladie de Parkinson

La maladie de Parkinson (abrégée « Parkinson », ou MP) porte le nom de James Parkinson, un médecin anglais ayant publié la première description détaillée de celle-ci dans An Essay on the Shaking Palsy en 1817. C'est une maladie neurodégénérative irréversible d'évolution lente. Caractérisée par une perte progressive de neurones dopaminergiques, elle est une maladie chronique qui affecte le système nerveux central (SNC) et provoque des troubles progressifs d'ordre moteurs, cognitifs et comportementaux.

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Séances de cours associées (32)

Cortex moteur et Ganglia Basal

Explore le contrôle du mouvement, les caractéristiques du cortex moteur, les neurones miroirs, les interfaces cerveau-machine et le rôle des ganglions basaux dans l'initiation et la suppression du mouvement.

Projections GABAergiques: Mécanismes Cellulaires De La Fonction Cérébrale MOOC: Mécanismes cellulaires des fonctions cérébrales

Explore les neurones de projection GABAergiques dans le cerveau et leur rôle dans la fonction cérébrale, y compris l'impact de la dopamine sur la maladie de Parkinson.

Dysfonction cérébrale : maladie de Parkinson MOOC: Mécanismes cellulaires des fonctions cérébrales

Couvre la prévalence et le fardeau financier des troubles cérébraux, en se concentrant sur la maladie de Parkinson et ses traitements.

Décrire les données: statistiques et tests d'hypothèse

Couvre les statistiques descriptives, les tests d'hypothèses et l'analyse de corrélation avec diverses distributions de probabilités et des statistiques robustes.

L’apprentissage basé sur la récompense : les mécanismes cellulaires MOOC: Mécanismes cellulaires des fonctions cérébrales

Explore l'apprentissage basé sur la récompense dans les réseaux neuronaux et le rôle de la dopamine dans la plasticité synaptique.

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Concepts associés (32)

Ganglions de la base

Basal ganglia disease

Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop

Dopamine

Maladie de Parkinson

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