Lossy compressionIn information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content. These techniques are used to reduce data size for storing, handling, and transmitting content. The different versions of the photo of the cat on this page show how higher degrees of approximation create coarser images as more details are removed. This is opposed to lossless data compression (reversible data compression) which does not degrade the data.
Bétonthumb|Aspect hétérogène de la surface d'un béton de ciment, appelé communément béton, et constitué de ciment, d'eau et de granulats fins (sable) et grossiers (graviers). Le béton est un assemblage de matériaux de nature généralement minérale. Il met en présence des matières inertes, appelées granulats ou agrégats (graviers, gravillons, sables), et un liant (ciment, bitume, argile), c'est-à-dire une matière susceptible d'en agglomérer d'autres ainsi que des adjuvants qui modifient les propriétés physiques et chimiques du mélange.
Infinitesimal strain theoryIn continuum mechanics, the infinitesimal strain theory is a mathematical approach to the description of the deformation of a solid body in which the displacements of the material particles are assumed to be much smaller (indeed, infinitesimally smaller) than any relevant dimension of the body; so that its geometry and the constitutive properties of the material (such as density and stiffness) at each point of space can be assumed to be unchanged by the deformation.
Stress–strain curveIn engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the properties of a material, such as the Young's modulus, the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength. Generally speaking, curves representing the relationship between stress and strain in any form of deformation can be regarded as stress–strain curves.
Compression d'imageLa compression d'image est une application de la compression de données sur des . Cette compression a pour utilité de réduire la redondance des données d'une image afin de pouvoir l'emmagasiner sans occuper beaucoup d'espace ou la transmettre rapidement. La compression d'image peut être effectuée avec perte de données ou sans perte. La compression sans perte est souvent préférée là où la netteté des traits est primordiale : schémas, dessins techniques, icônes, bandes dessinées.
Coinage metalsThe coinage metals comprise, at a minimum, those metallic chemical elements which have historically been used as components in alloys used to mint coins. The term is not perfectly defined, however, since a number of metals have been used to make "demonstration coins" which have never been used to make monetized coins for any nation-state, but could be. Some of these elements would make excellent coins in theory (for example, zirconium), but their status as coin metals is not clear.
Compression artifactA compression artifact (or artefact) is a noticeable distortion of media (including , audio, and video) caused by the application of lossy compression. Lossy data compression involves discarding some of the media's data so that it becomes small enough to be stored within the desired or transmitted (streamed) within the available bandwidth (known as the data rate or bit rate). If the compressor cannot store enough data in the compressed version, the result is a loss of quality, or introduction of artifacts.
Métal pauvreEn chimie, un métal pauvre, parfois appelé métal de post-transition ou métal post-transitionnel, est un élément chimique métallique situé, dans le tableau périodique, entre les métaux de transition à leur gauche et les métalloïdes à leur droite. Le terme métal pauvre est assez peu employé, et en concurrence avec diverses autres appellations, également peu employées, recouvrant des notions apparentées, par exemple métal du bloc p ; il rend compte du fait que les propriétés métalliques de ces éléments sont les moins marquées de l'ensemble des métaux.
Tension de cycleEn chimie organique, la tension de cycle ou contrainte cyclique désigne la déstabilisation d'une molécule cyclique, telle un cycloalcane, causée par l'orientation spatiale des atomes qui la composent. Cette tension provient d'une combinaison (1) de contrainte d'angle, (2) de contrainte de torsion (ou tension de Pitzer) et (3) de la tension trans-annulaire (ou contrainte de van der Waals).
Structural engineerStructural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety, technical, economic, and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors. Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty discipline within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right.
Compression fractaleLa compression fractale est une méthode de encore peu utilisée aujourd’hui. Elle repose sur la détection de la récurrence des motifs, et tend à éliminer la redondance d’informations dans l'image. C'est une méthode destructive puisque l'ensemble des données de départ ne se retrouve pas dans l'image finale. Il existe plusieurs méthodes (subdivision de triangles, Delaunay etc.) mais la compression par la méthode Jacquin est la plus connue.
Precast concretePrecast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels for tilt up construction. In contrast, cast-in-place concrete is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site. Recently lightweight expanded polystyrene foam is being used as the cores of precast wall panels, saving weight and increasing thermal insulation.
