Weak and strong sustainabilityAlthough related, sustainable development and sustainability are two different concepts. Weak sustainability is an idea within environmental economics which states that 'human capital' can substitute 'natural capital'. It is based upon the work of Nobel laureate Robert Solow, and John Hartwick. Contrary to weak sustainability, strong sustainability assumes that 'human capital' and 'natural capital' are complementary, but not interchangeable. This idea received more political attention as sustainable development discussions evolved in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Sustainable livingSustainable living describes a lifestyle that attempts to reduce the use of Earth's natural resources by an individual or society. Its practitioners often attempt to reduce their ecological footprint (including their carbon footprint) by altering their home designs and methods of transportation, energy consumption and diet. Its proponents aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, naturally balanced, and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology.
Recyclage des pneusLe recyclage des pneus consiste à les réutiliser dans des filières de revente d'occasion et de pneus rechapés ou à en réutiliser la matière ; la valorisation des « pneus usagés non réutilisables » (PUNR) désigne la récupération et valorisation de matériaux (caoutchouc, acier), ou de molécules énergétiques (gaz, huile) ou de produits chimiques réutilisables.
Sustainable distributionSustainable distribution refers to any means of transportation / hauling of goods between vendor and purchaser with lowest possible impact on the ecological and social environment, and includes the whole distribution process from storage, order processing and picking, packaging, improved vehicle loadings, delivery to the customer or purchaser and taking back packaging. Sustainable distribution refers to the macroeconomic allocation of objects that are distributed (goods, services, rights, fees and information) while integrating sustainability issues without compromising conventional purposes that distribution must fulfill.
Biomass (energy)Biomass, in the context of energy production, is matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms which is used for bioenergy production. Examples include wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues including straw, and organic waste from industry and households. Wood and wood residues is the largest biomass energy source today. Wood can be used as a fuel directly or processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels. Other plants can also be used as fuel, for instance maize, switchgrass, miscanthus and bamboo.
Index of sustainability articlesThis page is an index of sustainability articles. Adiabatic lapse rate - Air pollution control - Air pollution dispersion modeling - Allotment (gardening) - Anaerobic digestion - Anthropogenic - Anthroposystem - Applied Sustainability - Appropriate technology - Aquaculture - Aquatic ecosystem - Ashden Awards Back-to-the-land movement - Bagasse - Behavioral ecology - Biobutanol - Biodegradable plastics - Bioenergy - Bioenergy village - Biofuel in Brazil - Biofuel in the United States - Biofuel - Biogas - Bi
ProductionLa production est l'action d'un sujet qui transforme une matière première pour faire exister un nouvel objet. On rencontre ce phénomène de production dans la société, mais aussi bien dans la nature. C'est pourquoi on peut l'étudier soit sous l'angle économique et sociologique, soit sous l'angle biologique. Le terme « production » dérive du latin classique qui signifie « prolonger, mettre en avant ». Dans l'Antiquité, il désigne aussi bien les créations de la nature (l'arbre producteur de fruits) que celles de l'homme (l'artisan producteur d'objets utiles).
Planification des ressources de productionMRP est un sigle signifiant Materials Resources Planning ou Materials Requirements Planning ou encore Manufacturing Resources Planning. L'Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) propose comme traduction planification des ressources de production. Ancêtre de l'ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning, ou progiciel de gestion intégré en français), le MRP est toujours la partie centrale d'un système de gestion de production informatisé.
BioenergyBioenergy is energy made or generated from biomass, which consists of recently living (but now dead) organisms, mainly plants. Types of biomass commonly used for bioenergy include wood, food crops such as corn, energy crops and waste from forests, yards, or farms. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) defines bioenergy as a renewable form of energy. Bioenergy can either mitigate (i.e. reduce) or increase greenhouse gas emissions. There is also agreement that local environmental impacts can be problematic.
Biomass to liquidBiomass to liquid (BtL or BMtL) is a multi-step process of producing synthetic hydrocarbon fuels made from biomass via a thermochemical route. According to a study done by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy, the United States can produce at least 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass each year without decreasing the amount of biomass needed for food, animal feed, or exports. The Fischer–Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels from gasified biomass.
Production planningProduction planning is the planning of production and manufacturing modules in a company or industry. It utilizes the resource allocation of activities of employees, materials and production capacity, in order to serve different customers. Different types of production methods, such as single item manufacturing, batch production, mass production, continuous production etc. have their own type of production planning. Production planning can be combined with production control into production planning and control, or it can be combined with enterprise resource planning.
Facteur de productionLes facteurs de production sont les ressources mises en œuvre dans la production de biens et de services, par exemple les machines et travailleurs. L'école physiocratique se fonde sur une analyse des facteurs de production. Elle considère que la terre est la ressource naturelle fondamentale, et donc le facteur de production principal. C'est, selon elle, la seule source de la croissance économique. Le point de vue physiocrate est d'autant plus facile à défendre par ses tenants de l'époque que la France, où naît ce courant de pensée, est à l'époque très majoritairement agraire.
