Depending on the environmental conditions, concrete materials can come into contact with sulfate ions which are widely present in rivers, underground water, sewers, seawater and soil. Sulfates can react with the cement paste in concrete and cause damage wh ...
This study investigates the major chemical components, particle-bound water content, acidity (pH), and major potential sources of PM2.5 in major cities (Belluno, Conegliano, Vicenza, Mestre, Padua, and Rovigo) in the eastern end of the Po Valley. The measu ...
In this paper, two durability issues: Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) and external sulfate attack were studied. The results of expansion were presented for a Normal Portland cement and a blended cement LC3 containing calcined clay and limestone as supplementa ...
The sulfate attack is known to influence the durability of concrete. In general, significant damage due to sulfate interaction results in the structural breakdown of the concrete structure. However, the precipitation of thaumasite due to sulfate concentrat ...