Publication

The Reactions of Gamma-Butyrolactone and Gamma-Butyrolactonol Derivatives, and of Tetrahydrofuran with Mixtures of Alcohols and Thionyl Chloride

Pierre Vogel
1991
Journal Articles

Abstract

Mixtures of thionyl chloride and primary alcohols (and 2-propanol) can be used advantageously for the transformations of gamma-butyrolactone derivatives into the corresponding alkyl, allyl and propargyl 4-chlorobutyrates, for the methanolysis of an unstable gamma-butyrolactonol (gamma-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone) into the corresponding methyl 4-oxobutyrate dimethyl acetal and for the syntheses of alkyl, allyl and propargyl 4-chlorobutyl ethers from tetrahydrofuran.

Official source

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Pierre Vogel
1991
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

Related concepts (11)

1,4-Butanediol

Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is one of four stable isomers of butanediol. In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form butyne-1,4-diol. Hydrogenation of butyne-1,4-diol gives butane-1,4-diol. It is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to GABA, glutamate, and glycine in certain brain areas. It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABAB receptor. GHB has been used in the medical setting as a general anesthetic and as treatment for cataplexy, narcolepsy, and alcoholism. It is also used illegally as an intoxicant, as an athletic-performance enhancer, as a date-rape drug, and as a recreational drug.

Depressant

Depressants, or central depressants, are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, or depress or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain. Depressants are also colloquially referred to as "downers" as they lower the level of arousal when taken. Depressants do not change the mood or mental state of others. Stimulants, or "uppers," increase mental or physical function, hence the opposite drug class from depressants are stimulants, not antidepressants.