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Minding Rights: Mapping Ethical and Legal Foundations of 'Neurorights'

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Voices from the Frontline: Revealing the AI Practitioners' viewpoint on the European AI Act

Kathrin Grosse

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in an ever larger number of industries. Alongside this development, however, abundant works argue that AI-driven systems are lacking in terms of safety, ethics and transparency. As a direct consequence, the ...

2024

Why converging technologies need converging international regulation

Marcello Ienca

Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, gene editing, nanotechnology, neurotechnology and robotics, which were originally unrelated or separated, are becoming more closely integrated. Consequently, the boundaries between the physical-biologi ...

Springer2024

A multimodal measurement of the impact of deepfakes on the ethical reasoning and affective reactions of students

Touradj Ebrahimi, Roland John Tormey, Patrick Jermann, Cécile Hardebolle, Vivek Ramachandran, Nihat Kotluk

Deepfakes - synthetic videos generated by machine learning models - are becoming increasingly sophisticated. While they have several positive use cases, their potential for harm is also high. Deepfake production involves input from multiple engineers, maki ...

2023

Playing Brains: The Ethical Challenges Posed by Silicon Sentience and Hybrid Intelligence in DishBrain

Georg Michael Joachim Starke

The convergence of human and artificial intelligence is currently receiving considerable scholarly attention. Much debate about the resulting Hybrid Minds focuses on the integration of artificial intelligence into the human brain through intelligent brain- ...

2023

The Metaverse as a Virtual Model of Platform Urbanism: Its Converging AIoT, XReality, Neurotech, and Nanobiotech and Their Applications, Challenges, and Risks

Simon Elias Bibri

With their exponentially rising computational power, digital platforms are heralding a new era of hybrid intelligence. There has recently been much enthusiasm and hype that the Metaverse has the potential to unlock hybrid intelligence. This is premised on ...

MDPI2023

Explainability as fig leaf? An exploration of experts’ ethical expectations towards machine learning in psychiatry

Georg Michael Joachim Starke

The increasing implementation of programs supported by machine learning in medical contexts will affect psychiatry. It is crucial to accompany this development with careful ethical considerations informed by empirical research involving experts from the fi ...

2023

Tangent functional connectomes uncover more unique phenotypic traits

Mingkui Wang, Enrico Amico

Functional connectomes (FCs) containing pairwise estimations of functional couplings between pairs of brain regions are commonly represented by correlation matrices. As symmetric positive definite matrices, FCs can be transformed via tangent space projecti ...

CELL PRESS2023

A Theory of Value for Service Ecosystems

Blagovesta Hristova Kostova

In this thesis, we present a theory of value for the design and analysis of service ecosystems. The theory is based on general systems thinking. The concept of a system is used for relating knowledge from different disciplines (such as software engineering ...

EPFL2022

Artificial intelligence across company borders

Olga Fink

Enabling effective cross-company AI without data disclosure. ...

2022

Misplaced Trust and Distrust: How Not to Engage with Medical Artificial Intelligence

Marcello Ienca

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a rapidly increasing role in clinical care. Many of these systems, for instance, deep learning-based applications using multilayered Artificial Neural Nets, exhibit epistemic opacity in the sense that they preclude compre ...

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS2022

A Game-Based Approach to Develop Engineering Students’ Awareness About Artificial Intelligence Ethical Challenges

Patrick Jermann, Roland John Tormey, Jessica Elke Dehler Zufferey, Cécile Hardebolle, Helena Kovacs

The past few decades have seen important efforts to introduce more ethics into engineering education programs around the world, while adapting to the evolution of ethical concerns, notably in relation to digital technology and artificial intelligence. Even ...

2022

Generating Higher-Fidelity Synthetic Datasets with Privacy Guarantees

Boi Faltings, Aleksei Triastcyn

We consider the problem of enhancing user privacy in common data analysis and machine learning development tasks, such as data annotation and inspection, by substituting the real data with samples from a generative adversarial network. We propose employing ...

MDPI2022

Neural interface systems with on-device computing: machine learning and neuromorphic architectures

Mahsa Shoaran

Development of neural interface and brain-machine interface (BMI) systems enables the treatment of neurological disorders including cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunctions. While neural interfaces have steadily decreased in form factor, recent developme ...

CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD2021

Heartbeat-evoked cortical responses: Underlying mechanisms, functional roles, and methodological considerations

Olaf Blanke, Hyeongdong Park

The heart continuously and cyclically communicates with the brain. Beyond homeostatic regulation and sensing, recent neuroscience research has started to shed light on brain-heart interactions in diverse cognitive and emotional processes. In particular, ne ...

2019

Flying in Private Mode: Understanding and Improving the Privacy ICAO Address Program

Guillaume Michel Le Bars

Location privacy of aircraft has recently gained attention as air traffic management was modernized using novel surveillance technologies. Business aviation circles and various military and government entities voiced serious concerns about automated and ub ...

AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS2021

Artificial Intelligence in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Review of Current Literature, Challenges, and Trends

Tobias Kober, Jonas Richiardi

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained major attention with a rapid increase in the number of published articles, mostly recently. This review provides a general understanding of how AI can or will be useful to the musculoskeletal radiologist. After a bri ...

THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC2019

Neuroprosthetics to support impaired hand functions: A multidisciplinary approach combining brain-machine interfaces and wearable exoskeletons

Luca Randazzo

Neuroprosthetics, the discipline that aims at interfacing neural systems to artificially engineered devices, has witnessed in recent years important advancements towards the ultimate goal of augmenting and restoring human functions through technology and a ...

EPFL2018

Inference in artificial intelligence with deep optics and photonics

Demetri Psaltis

Artificial intelligence tasks across numerous applications require accelerators for fast and low-power execution. Optical computing systems may be able to meet these domain-specific needs but, despite half a century of research, general-purpose optical com ...

NATURE RESEARCH2020

Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018)

Friedhelm Christoph Hummel, Simone Rossi

A group of European experts reappraised the guidelines on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) previously published in 2014 [Lefaucheur et al., Clin Neurophysiol 2014;125:2150-206]. These updated recommendations t ...

ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD2020

Broadening artificial intelligence education in K-12: Where to Start?

Pierre Dillenbourg

Moving from steam and waterpower, electricity and assembly lines, and computerization, to the adoption of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Systems executed as intelligent machines, the world now dives into a new era called ...

2020