Publication

Mapping and Evolution of Industrial CO 2 Point Sources in Europe: will biogenic CO 2 become a limiting resource by 2050?

2026

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to become a critical feedstock for non-fossil carbon-based energy carriers in hard-to-electrify sectors, the so-called e-fuels. In particular, biogenic CO2 becomes an essential resource, especially after 2040 as specified in European regulation. However, CO2 emissions are expected to decrease significantly as industrial sectors decarbonise. This work builds a comprehensive database of current European industrial CO2 emitters, disaggregated by sector and emission type. Emissions are then projected to 2050 under different decarbonisation scenarios to produce a prospective database of future CO2 emission point sources in Europe. This provides useful values to inform the planning of carbon capture units for utilisation (CCU) or sequestration (CCS). Accounting for uncertainties in biogenic emissions, the available biogenic CO 2 from the analysed sectors could not meet the projected demand for captured CO2 in 2050. This mismatch may constrain the large-scale deployment of e-fuel pathways in Europe, unless atmospheric carbon capture technologies reach industrial maturity.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/ddc5053d-8267-4646-bee5-e6692ea595c1

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2026

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/ddc5053d-8267-4646-bee5-e6692ea595c1

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Carbon capture and storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources is separated, treated and transported to a long-term storage location. For example, the carbon dioxide stream that is to be captured can result from burning fossil fuels or biomass. Usually the CO2 is captured from large point sources, such as a chemical plant or biomass plant, and then stored in an underground geological formation. The aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigate climate change.

Greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions (abbreviated as GHG emissions) from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide (), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the US, although the United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies.

Direct air capture

Direct air capture (DAC) is the use of chemical or physical processes to extract carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air. If the extracted is then sequestered in safe long-term storage (called direct air carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS)), the overall process will achieve carbon dioxide removal and be a "negative emissions technology" (NET). As of 2022, DAC has yet to become profitable because the cost of using DAC to sequester carbon dioxide is several times the carbon price.

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Mapping and Evolution of Industrial CO 2 Point Sources in Europe: will biogenic CO 2 become a limiting resource by 2050?

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