Publication

Assessing regional exposure to the European energy transition using principal component analysis

2026

Abstract

This study constructs a multidimensional exposure index for 242 European NUTS-2 regions to assess vulnerabilities linked to the EU's transition to climate neutrality under the European Green Deal and Fit for 55. Using Principal Component Analysis on 11 indicators of fossil fuel dependence and emissions intensity, four key exposure dimensions are identified: coal and heavy industry, oil refining and maritime trade, end-use emissions, and agricultural emissions. The results reveal concentrated exposure across several Member States, underscoring the need for placesensitive Just Transition policies that support reskilling, economic diversification, and equitable climate action across regions.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/d8b92f2e-cc1a-4057-99f5-a227079a0caa

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2026

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/d8b92f2e-cc1a-4057-99f5-a227079a0caa

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions (abbreviated as GHG emissions) from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide (), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the US, although the United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies.

Energy transition

An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a significant structural change in an energy system regarding supply and consumption. Currently, a transition to sustainable energy (mostly renewable energy) is underway to limit climate change. It is also called renewable energy transition. The current transition is driven by a recognition that global greenhouse-gas emissions must be drastically reduced. This process involves phasing-down fossil fuels and re-developing whole systems to operate on low carbon electricity.

Emission intensity

Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy sources An emission intensity (also carbon intensity or C.I.) is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP).

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Assessing regional exposure to the European energy transition using principal component analysis

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