High-speed laser chemical vapor deposition of copper: a search for optimum conditions

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Continuous development of thin film deposition technologies is essential for fabricating materials that meet the targeted requirements of specific applications. In this context, the present dissertation focuses on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metallic copper, aiming to deepen the understanding of Cu ALD and establish a groundwork for future application-driven process development. Specifically, the Cu ALD process investigated in this work was based on copper(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Cu(hfac)2) and

Wet deposition is a major mechanism of phosphorus (P) deposition to the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean, yet long-term constraints on the relative roles of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) remain limited. In this study, 15-year observations of DIP and DOP variability were conducted at an Eastern Mediterranean regional background site, focusing on the temporal variability, drivers, and deposition. Wet deposition samples were collected on an event basis and

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been detected in atmospheric deposition and cloud samples, suggesting that they may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and/or ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which is likely the main pathway through which atmospheric microplastics impact climate. Laboratory studies report immersion freezing temperatures for various microplastics between −15.1 °C (Ganguly 2019) and −23.2 °C (Seifried 2024), comparable to those of mineral dust, the dominant global source of atmospheric

The increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), driven by their low cost, low carbon footprint and easy processability, offers real opportunities for new markets in innovative photovoltaic (PV) technology. A crucial challenge in this transition is device instability. Carbon-based perovskite solar cells offer a promising alternative with the advantages of more abundant materials and stable performance. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent advancements in carbon-bas

Drifting-blowing snow events are frequent phenomena in alpine and polar regions with direct effects on the local mass and energy balance that are difficult to quantify. In addition to this immediate impact of the blowing snow cloud the aeolian transport modifies the snow’s physical properties with implications for snowpack characteristics after deposition such as albedo or density. Apart from the mechanical fragmentation of crystals, this phenomenon of airborne snow metamorphism is thought to be due to subl

Ten runs of silicon nitride LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) depositions were performed with a different recipe for each run. The goal of this work was to examine properties of silicon nitride and their variation with regards to the deposition parameters, which are : the ratio between dichlorosilane or DCS (SiH2CL2) and ammonia (NH3), the total gas flow, the pressure and the temperature. The ratio and the temperature are the two most considered parameters. The temperature was varied between 77

We introduce passivating hetero-interfaces in single-junction microcrystalline silicon (mc-Si:H) solar cells. We investigate the effect of different i–n layer stacks in thin mc-Si:H devices, in which recombination is significant at the interfaces as well as in the bulk material. By applying amorphous silicon passivating layers at the mc-Si:H i–n interface, we show a device with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 608 mV, for a standard Raman crystalline fraction of the i-layer (>50%). This Voc is the highe

The magnetic properties of a Mn-19 coordination cluster equipped with methylmercapto substituents on the organic ligands, [(Mn12Mn7II)-Mn-III(mu(4)-O)(8)(mu(3)-Cl)(7.7)(mu(3)-OMe)(0.3)(HLSMe)(12)(MeOH)(6)]Cl-2 center dot 27MeCN (Mn-19(SMe)) (H3LSMe = 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-mercaptomethylphenol) deposited on Au(111) surfaces from solution, have been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The data reveal that in the submonolayer regime the molecules contain only

The successful experimental demonstration of large-scale and in-situ growth of horizontal, dense and aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is presented. This new CNT growth process is developed for the direct integration of nanotubes into gas sensing devices. The device electrodes are patterned in a TiN/Al2O3/TiN stack which is used as a support for the CNT growth catalyst. Thereafter, iron is locally deposited on the stack’s vertical sidewall as a catalyst material. With the use of a chemical vapor depositi

Avalanches can exhibit many different flow regimes from powder clouds to slush flows. Flow regimes are largely controlled by the properties of the snow released and entrained along the path. Recent investigations showed the temperature of the moving snow to be one of the most important factors controlling the granulometry and thus the mobility of the flow. The temperature of an avalanche is mainly determined by the temperature of the released and entrained snow but also increases by frictional and collision

Thermally sprayed hardmetal coatings can be used to improve the wear or fatigue resistance of mechanical parts. Depending on the deposition conditions, their microstructure and phase composition are out of equilibrium at different levels due to the extreme heating/cooling rates. In the present study, the changes that occur with temperature variation are monitored by mechanical spectroscopy. Requirements to specimen of mechanical spectroscopy created the need to prepare WC-17%Co coatings of 1.2 mm thickness

In silicon heterojunction solar cells, the passivation of the crystalline silicon wafer surfaces and fabrication of emitter and back surface field are all performed by intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon thin layers, usually deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Since the properties of materials deposited by PEVCD are directly linked to the plasma properties, plasma diagnostics are very useful tools to optimize such devices. A novel diagnostic has been developed to measure in-sit

In silicon heterojunction solar cells, thin amorphous silicon layers passivate the crystalline silicon wafer surfaces. By using in situ diagnostics during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), the authors report how the passivation quality of such layers directly relate to the plasma conditions. Good interface passivation is obtained from highly depleted silane plasmas. Based upon this finding, layers deposited in a large-area very high frequency (40.68 MHz) PECVD reactor were optimized for het

Brain-implantable microprobe arrays, 6.5 mm shaft-length, incorporating several recessed Pt microelectrodes (50 mu m x 150 mu m) and an integrated Ag/AgCl reference electrode fabricated by silicon micromachining dry etching techniques (DRIE) are described. The microelectrodes are coated by an enzyme membrane and a semi-permeable m-phenylenediamine layer for the selective detection of the neurotransmitters choline and L-glutamate at physiologically relevant concentrations. The functionalisation is based on e

The present work investigates the possibility of selective electrochemical metal deposition on ion implanted p-Si. The idea is that defects introduced into the substrate by ion implantation make it more susceptible to electrochemical reactions compared to intact Si; this increased sensitivity is to be used for selective reactions at the defect sites. It is believed that the increased reactivity is due to a lowering of the Schottky barrier breakdown potential, Ubd, of the semiconductor-electrolyte interface

There is a need for chemically resistant coatings that protect the exposed surface of microfluidics components. Pinhole free films with low stress and a good uniformity on flat and inclined surfaces are required. In this study, amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) thin films have been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on hat surfaces and into micromachined cavities of Si (100). The variation of RF power, deposition pressure and substrate bias voltage have been studied. Depending on the deposition conditions,

The anodic oxidn. of H2SO4 to H2S2O8 was investigated on B-doped synthetic diamond electrodes obtained by hot filament chem. vapor deposition. High current efficiency for H2S2O8 formation can be achieved in concd. H2SO4 (7.5 mol dm-3) and using high current densities (200 mA cm-2). The main side reaction is oxygen evolution. [on SciFinder (R)]

Intermetallic thin films of stoichiometric NiAl and Ni3Al have been deposited onto n-type silicon (100) and nickel (110) substrates using r.f.-magnetron co-sputtering. The morphology and crystal structure of the thin films have been studied by transmission electron microscopy from planar-view and cross-sectional samples. Chemical order has been assessed using nano-diffraction techniques. Superlattice reflections confirm a fully ordered structure in both intermetallics. These NiAl and Ni3Al thin films are na

New experimental study of heavy ion and proton induced SEU at reduced voltage (i.e. reduced critical charge) reveals interesting results. It is shown that the heavy ion cross section and microprobe mapping scale like the threshold LET and the parameter, which is almost invariant under bias changes, is the effective charge collection depth. For studying proton induced SEU and surface-barrier-detector spectra we use protons with energies from 5.6 to 300MeV. The results are analyzed in view of the processes in

Measurements of anions and cations are reported for hydrocarbon and silane radio frequency capacitive glow discharges. Series of anions were observed by quadrupole mass spectrometry using power-modulated plasmas, and their structures are interpreted from the form of the mass spectra. Various experiments in silane plasmas show that anion confinement results in particles and conversely, anion detrapping can inhibit particle formation. In contrast, the polymerized neutral flux magnitudes, mass spectra and dyna

High-speed laser chemical vapor deposition of copper: a search for optimum conditions

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper using Cu(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate and Diethylzinc: Surface Reaction Mechanisms and Surface Material Selectivity

A 15-Year Record of Organic–Inorganic Phosphorus Variability in Eastern Mediterranean Wet Deposition

Adsorption-Driven Cloud Droplet Activation of Fresh and Aged Polypropylene Particles

Low-cost, large-area carbon electrode perovskite solar cells

Characterizing airborne snow metamorphism using stable water isotope measurements in snow and vapor from ring wind tunnel experiments

Characterization and Optimization of Silicon Nitride Thin Films

Microcrystalline silicon solar cells with passivated interfaces for high open-circuit voltage

Reduction of Mn19 Coordination Clusters on a Gold Surface

Large-scale, in-situ integration of horizontal carbon nanotube arrays into gas sensing devices

Measuring the thermal balance of a snow avalanche

Analysis of Microstructural Changes with Temperature of Thermally Sprayed WC-Co Coatings by Mechanical Spectroscopy

Optimization of high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells using silane-plasma diagnostics

The silane depletion fraction as an indicator for the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface passivation quality

Enzyme-based choline and l-glutamate biosensor electrodes on silicon microprobe arrays

Electrochemical investigation of ion implanted p-Si

Sputtered silicon carbide thin films as protective coating for MEMS applications

Preparation of peroxodisulfuric acid using boron-doped diamond thin film electrodes

Microstructure and growth modes of stoichiometric NiAl and Ni3Al thin films deposited by r.f.-magnetron sputtering

Scaling of SEU mapping and cross section, and proton induced SEU at reduced supply voltage

Anionic clusters in dusty hydrocarbon and silane plasmas