Thiophene-fused carbazole derivative dyes for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

Two novel dyes that are similar in chemical structure, except for different donor units, AJ301and AJ303 were synthesized, characterized and applied as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Both dyes exhibited a wide absorption of visible sunlight. The introduction of fused rings on the donor unit of AJ303 presented an appropriate energy level, less recombination and longer electron lifetime to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.2%, far above that achieved for AJ301 of 6.2% with a Co(bpy)(3)-based electrolyte under standard AM1.5G solar irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)). The DSSCs based on AJ303 and AJ301 with Cu(tmby)(2)-based electrolyte showed a lower PCE of 8.2% and 5.4%, respectively. Therefore, the results indicated that the introduction of a fused-ring in the donor group is a meaningful synthetic strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.