Circadian rhythms and proteomics: It's all about posttranslational modifications!

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Protein synthesis involves a critical step where messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) must move in tandem to advance the mRNA reading frame by one codon. This process, known as translocation, is catalyzed by elongation factor G (EF-G) in prokaryo ...

The phenomenon of allostery, a general property in proteins that has been heralded as "the second secret of life" remains elusive to our understanding and even more challenging to incorporate into protein design. One example of allosteric proteins with gre ...

Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty a ...

Redox homeostasis is a key factor in maintaining cellular function and health. The main determinant of the intracellular redox potential is ubiquitous glutathione (GSH) together with its oxidized dimer (GSSG). Importantly, both redox equilibrium and GSH ho ...

Organoids, miniature tissues generated from self-organizing stem cells within three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices (ECM), have opened up exciting possibilities for in vitro studies of complex physiological processes. A key factor in the success of ...

Earth rotation around its axis imposes a 24-hour rhythmicity to all life on the planet. Rather than passively responding to these periodic changes, nature has given us an internal timekeeper, the circadian clock, to anticipate to our advantage the fluctuat ...

The circadian clock modulates human physiology. However, the organization of tissue-specific gene expression rhythms and how these depend on age and sex is not defined in humans. We combined data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project with an a ...

The synchronization of circadian clock depends on a central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. However, the potential feedback of peripheral signals on the central clock remains poorly characterized. To explore whether peripheral organ circad ...

Nerve injuries cause permanent neurological disability due to limited axonal regeneration. Injury-dependent and-independent mechanisms have provided important insight into neuronal regeneration, however, common denominators underpinning regeneration remain ...

Wearable biosensors and smartphone applications can measure physiological variables over multiple days in free-living conditions. We measure food and drink ingestion, glucose dynamics, physical activity, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) in ...

S-acylation is one of the most frequent posttranslational modifications that regulates diverse cellular processes. Anwar and van der Goot discuss the complexity and disease implications of this highly regulated reversible lipidation. ...

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a cellularly heterogeneous endocrine organ that not only serves as a reservoir for storing and releasing energy but also actively participates in metabolic homeostasis. Given the current rise in obesity and its associated como ...

Native reactive electrophile species (RES) such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) act as cellular signals through covalent modification of kinetically-privileged electrophile sensor proteins. Research efforts in the field focus mainly on identifying these sensor p ...

Efficient numerical simulations of coupled multi-component systems can be particularly challenging. This is mostly due to the complexity of their solutions, as mutual interactions may cause emergent behaviors, including synchronization and instabilities. V ...

Cell-cell communication is fundamental for immune balance. Multivalent interactions of surface receptors at immune interfaces drive specific communication, with stimulatory and inhibitory signals guiding the immune outcome. Notably, the valency, affinity, ...

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic, transmembrane proteins that trigger immune cell signaling following their engagement. They have been first utilized in T cells and later in natural killer (NK) cells to redirect their cytotoxicity toward a s ...

The rapid progress in the field of deep learning has had a significant impact on protein design. Deep learning methods have recently produced a breakthrough in protein structure prediction, leading to the availability of high-quality models for millions of ...

The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for engineering the interaction between a protein and a cognate peptide that are capable of forming a molecular complex, wherein the method comprises (a) preparing in silico a library of test p ...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling by coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins of four classes: Gi/o, Gq, Gs, and G12/13. However, our understanding of the G protein selectivity of GPCRs is incomplet ...

The ipRGCs in the human eye mediate several effects on people, such as alertness and circadian rhythms. The spectral, temporal and spatial characteristics of light influence the magnitude of these effects. To facilitate the anticipation of the ipRGC-influe ...

Circadian rhythms and proteomics: It's all about posttranslational modifications!

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