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Revealing chromatin-specific functions of histone deacylases

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Revealing the Effects of Three Different Antimicrobial Agents on E. coli Biofilms by Using Soft-Probe Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Hubert Girault

This paper evaluated the use of soft-probe scanning electrochemical microscopy complementarily with confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the effects of different antimicrobial agents and treatments on E. coli DH5α biofilm. The antimicrobial agents w ...

2023

Multiplexed Single-Molecule Experiments Reveal Nucleosome Invasion Dynamics of the Cas9 Genome Editor

Beat Fierz, Louise Catherine Bryan, Kristina Makasheva

Single-molecule measurements provide detailed mechanistic insights into molecular processes, for example in genome regulation where DNA access is controlled by nucleosomes and the chromatin machinery. However, real-time single-molecule observations of nucl ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2021

Effectiveness of X-ray micro-CT applications upon mafic and ultramafic ophiolitic rocks

Pascal Turberg

X-ray micro-computed tomography (mu CT) was applied upon selected ophiolitic rock samples from various localities of the Vardar ophiolite outcrops in North Greece. Effectiveness of the mu CT application was evaluated through this case study by comparing re ...

2022

Computational identification and experimental characterization of preferred downstream positions in human core promoters

Philipp Bucher, René Dreos

Author summary Transcription of genes by the RNA polymerase II enzyme initiates at a genomic region termed the core promoter. The core promoter is a regulatory region that may contain diverse short DNA sequence motifs/elements that confer specific properti ...

2021

Investigating Crosstalk Among PTMs Provides Novel Insight Into the Structural Basis Underlying the Differential Effects of Nt17 PTMs on Mutant Httex1 Aggregation

Hilal Lashuel, Matteo Dal Peraro, Luciano Andres Abriata, Anass Chiki, Lucien Fabrice Krapp, Rajasekhar Kolla, Zhidian Zhang, Driss Boudeffa

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the first 17 amino acids (Nt17) of the Huntingtin protein (Htt) have been shown to inhibit the aggregation and attenuate the toxicity of mutant Htt proteins in vitro and in various models of Huntington’s disea ...

2021

Multivalent Peptide Ligands To Probe the Chromocenter Microenvironment in Living Cells

Beat Fierz, Pablo Rivera Fuentes, Nora Guidotti, Maxime Nicolas Mivelaz, Adam Miklos Eördögh

Chromatin is spatially organized into functional states that are defined by both the presence of specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and a defined set of chromatin-associated “reader” proteins. Different models for the underlying mecha ...

2022

Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are histone lysine delactylases

Alexander Lund Nielsen, Carlos Moreno Yruela

Lysine L-lactylation [K(L-la)] is a newly discovered histone mark stimulated under conditions of high glycolysis, such as the Warburg effect. K(L-la) is associated with functions that are different from the widely studied histone acetylation. While K(L-la) ...

2022

Toward a mechanistic understanding of variable chromatin modules

Gerard Llimos Aubach

Our genome is a long sequence of DNA that contains all the information to be able to constitute a living organism like us, similarly to what the letters in a book do to create a story. This sequence, which is a stretch of molecules called nucleotides, is a ...

EPFL2021

Epigenetic memory aids: Synaptic and molecular effects of HDAC inhibition that support memory formation

Allison Marie Burns

Learning and memory rely on synaptic communication in which intracellular signals are transported to the nucleus to stimulate transcriptional activation. Memory induced transcriptional increases are accompanied by alterations to the epigenetic landscape an ...

EPFL2022

High throughput screening identifies SOX2 as a super pioneer factor that inhibits DNA methylation maintenance at its binding sites

Ludovica Vanzan

Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. Nevertheless, pioneer transcription factors (PFs), a distinct class of TFs, have the ability to access nu ...

Nature Research2021

Oscillating and stable genome topologies underlie hepatic physiological rhythms during the circadian cycle

Felix Naef, Jake Yeung, Jérôme Mermet

The circadian clock drives extensive temporal gene expression programs controlling daily changes in behavior and physiology. In mouse liver, transcription factors dynamics, chromatin modifications, and RNA Polymerase II (PolII) activity oscillate throughou ...

2021

Histone acetylation dynamics modulates chromatin conformation and allele-specific interactions at oncogenic loci

Elisa Oricchio, Daniele Tavernari, Natalya Katanayeva, Stephanie Jocelyne Sungalee, Ruxandra-Andreea Lambuta

In cancer cells, enhancer hijacking mediated by chromosomal alterations and/or increased deposition of acetylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) can support oncogene expression. However, how the chromatin conformation of enhancer-promoter interactions is a ...

2021

Development of chemical biology tools to reveal the function and organization of the silenced chromatin state

Nora Guidotti

Effector proteins are recruited to chromatin via transient interactions between their reader domains and histone post-translational modification (PTM) patterns. These interactions form signaling pathways that control gene expression or repression and which ...

EPFL2020

The role of histone tails in nucleosome stability: An electrostatic perspective

Alessandro Samuele Patelli

We propose a methodology for the study of protein-DNA electrostatic interactions and apply it to clarify the effect of histone tails in nucleosomes. This method can be used to correlate electrostatic interactions to structural and functional features of pr ...

2020

Epigenetic remodelling of enhancers in response to estrogen deprivation and re-stimulation

Ludovica Vanzan

Estrogen hormones are implicated in a majority of breast cancers and estrogen receptor alpha (ER), the main nuclear factor mediating estrogen signaling, orchestrates a complex molecular circuitry that is not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated geno ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2021

The box C/D snoRNP assembly factor Bcd1 interacts with the histone chaperone Rtt106 and controls its transcription dependent activity

Benjamin Marcel Daniel Rothé

Biogenesis of eukaryotic box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins initiates co-transcriptionally and requires the action of the assembly machinery including the Hsp90/R2TP complex, the Rsa1p:Hit1p heterodimer and the Bcd1 protein. We present genetic inte ...

Nature Research2021

Computational study of transcription factor binding sites

Romain Fernand Pietro Groux

Any living organism contains a whole set of instructions encoded as genes on the DNA. This set of instructions contains all the necessary information that the organism will ever need, from its development to a mature individual to environment specific resp ...

EPFL2020

Nucleosome Binding by the Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Enzyme Enables Histone H3 Demethylation

Beat Fierz, Aurore Marie-France Delachat

The essential human enzyme lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) silences genes by demethylating mono- and dimethylated lysine 4 in histone H3 (H3K4me1/2). Studies of the minimal requirements for LSD1 activity are complicated by the heterogeneity of histone ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2020

Applying Peptide and Protein Synthesis to Study Post-translational Modifications in Epigenetics and Beyond

Beat Fierz

Epigenetics research focuses on the study of heritable gene regulatory mechanisms that do not involve changes of the DNA sequence. Such mechanisms include post-translational modifications of histone proteins that organize the genome in the nucleus into a n ...

2021

Chromatin Proteomics to Study Epigenetics - Challenges and Opportunities

Guido Van Mierlo

Regulation of gene expression is essential for the functioning of all eukaryotic organisms. Understanding gene expression regulation requires determining which proteins interact with regulatory elements in chromatin. MS-based analysis of chromatin has emer ...

AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC2021