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Pivalic acid (PVA) was used as a new coadsorbent to dyesensitized solar cells (DSCs) to modify the interface between the TiO2 films and electrolyte. The addition of PVA improved the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of devices by 8% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage.
Michael Graetzel, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Felix Thomas Eickemeyer
Michael Graetzel, Jacques-Edouard Moser, Etienne Christophe Socie, George Cameron Fish, Aaron Tomas Terpstra