Artificial Intelligence to Advance Earth Observation: A review of models, recent trends, and pathways forward

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Deep neural networks form the backbone of artificial intelligence (AI) research, with potential to transform the human experience in areas ranging from autonomous driving to personal assistants, healthcare to education. However, their integration into the ...

Background: Computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems can enhance the objectivity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), which is widely used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for cervical cancer detection. VIA's reliance on subj ...

The conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems require detailed knowledge of the native plant compositions. Here, we map global forest tree composition and assess the impacts of historical forest cover loss and climate change on trees. The global oc ...

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Objective. Artificial vision has been and still is the subject of intense research. The ultimate goal is to help blind people in their daily life. Approaches to artificial vision, including visual prostheses and optogenetics, have strongly focused on resto ...

The analysis of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is crucial in research and clinical medical practice. MEPs are characterized by their latency and the treatment of a single patient may require the characte ...

Current procedures for the rapid inspection of buildings and infrastructure are subjective, time-consuming, and cumbersome to document, necessitating new technologies to automate the process and eliminate these shortcomings. Fortunately, recent development ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a rapidly increasing role in clinical care. Many of these systems, for instance, deep learning-based applications using multilayered Artificial Neural Nets, exhibit epistemic opacity in the sense that they preclude compre ...

Trust constitutes a fundamental strategy to deal with risks and uncertainty in complex societies. In line with the vast literature stressing the importance of trust in doctor–patient relationships, trust is therefore regularly suggested as a way of dealing ...

With the increase in the amount and variety of data that are constantly produced, collected, and exchanged between systems, the efficiency and accuracy of solutions/services that use data as input may suffer if an inappropriate or inaccurate technique, met ...

Assistive systems based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are bound to reshape decision-making in all areas of society. One of the most intricate challenges arising from their implementation in high-stakes environments such as medicine concerns their frequen ...

The protection of long time unmanaged forests, formally defined for the first time in the Cévennes National Park, is part of the continuum of a long-lasting history of natural space preservation. These forests cover around 41,000 ha in mainland France in 2 ...

There is a need for a tool that facilitates safety decision-making in the academic environment. As this environment is very different from that of industry or other public sectors, there is no information available on the factors that influence the decisio ...

Super-resolution (SR) has traditionally been based on pairs of high-resolution images (HR) and their low-resolution (LR) counterparts obtained artificially with bicubic downsampling. However, in real-world SR, there is a large variety of realistic image de ...

The increasing availability of extensive and accurate clinical data is rapidly shaping cardiovascular care by improving the understanding of physiological and pathological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system and opening new frontiers in designing thera ...

We question the values that inform the artificial intelligence (AI) strategies developed by governments and institutions at the global level. In particular, we investigate the connection between governments? and institutions? fundamental values, second-ord ...

Machine-learned predictors, although achieving very good results for inputs resembling training data, cannot possibly provide perfect predictions in all situations. Still, decision-making systems that are based on such predictors need not only to benefit f ...

Artificial Intelligence to Advance Earth Observation: A review of models, recent trends, and pathways forward

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